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Sony's iPod Assault is No Threat to Apple
The new digital Walkman is a step in the right direction, but its features fall short
It might have been a coincidence, but it still must have hurt. Sony Corp. (SNE) last fall booked a Tokyo nightclub for the unveiling of its latest Walkman music players. But halfway around the globe in San Francisco, just hours before Sony turned on the strobe lights, Apple Computer Inc. (AAPL) introduced the business-card-sized iPod nano. Although the nano isn't aimed at precisely the same market as the new Walkman, many saw the confluence of events as deeply symbolic: Here was the Japanese electronics giant that had pioneered the portable music market 26 years ago taking yet another body blow in a fight that it should have dominated.
Today, although iPod is still kicking the stuffing out of Walkman, Sony's offering is finally putting up a decent fight. In January, Apple had 45% of the Japanese market for digital music players, vs. 15% for Sony. That's a modest improvement for the Japanese company, from the 53%/11% split a month before the new Walkman hit store shelves, according to research firm BCN Ranking.
Sony is hoping the new machine will help the company find its groove. This spring, Sony plans to introduce the new Walkman in the U.S., though execs decline to give any details of the launch. The three models, with disk drives ranging from 6 to 20 gigabytes, would broaden Sony's lineup in the U.S. The company's lineup of players that use hard drive and flash memory have trailed the iPod -- which has 74% of the U.S. market, compared with Sony's 2% -- and even offerings from smaller rivals such as SanDisk (SNDK), Creative Technology (CREAF), and iriver, according to researcher NPD Intellect.
For Sony, this is no routine makeover. In September, Sir Howard Stringer, Sony's new chief, declared the player one of the company's main ``weapons against commoditization.'' To break the new Walkman out of commodity status, Yujin Morisawa, a designer who was just three years old when the original Walkman came out in 1979, sketched a curvaceous shell that looks something like a smooth river stone. ``I thought, 'How can I give shape to the music?''' Morisawa says. Other team members brainstormed new ways to organize music and came up with an ``Artist Link'' button, which analyzes your music tastes and suggests new artists you might like, and a ``Time Machine Shuffle,'' which plays only music from a given year.
``YOU HAVE TO MATCH APPLE''
Sony is attacking Apple in Japan with its Mora online music store as well. With some popular songs from its record label's vast catalog, Sony bypasses iTunes and sells them only on Mora. That encourages many Japanese pop fans to opt for a Walkman instead of an iPod, because Sony's machine is better integrated with the site. In December the site sold 1 million songs, nearly triple the total of a year earlier.
Still, the new Walkman has some serious disadvantages. About the size of a deck of cards, the $280 NW-A3000 Walkman is bigger than the $300 iPod, but it offers just 20 GB of storage space (enough for about 5,000 songs) compared with the Apple machine's 30 GB. And Sony's Connect music site in the U.S. is no match for Apple's user-friendly iTunes software and music store. ``The new Walkman is better than what Sony had before, but I don't think that many people are going to go out and buy one,'' says Ming-Kai Cheng, an analyst at brokerage CLSA. And with the latest iPods offering video, the music-only Walkman has more catching up to do. By 2007, predicts researcher iSuppli Corp., 55% of all music players will also show video, up from 5% last year. ``Video is now standard because Apple includes it,'' says iSuppli analyst Chris Crotty. ``You have to match Apple, at least, to compete.''
The iPod's elegant click-wheel, simple software, and countless adapters to plug into a car or home stereo have helped give Apple an edge, too. In 2005, Apple shipped more than 32 million iPods worldwide, says researcher Gartner Dataquest -- seven times Sony's forecast for the Walkman for its fiscal year ending Mar. 31. Facing numbers like that, even a distant No. 2 might well be considered a victory for Sony.
Friends 讲解 (1)
The One Where Monica Gets a New Roommate (The Pilot-The Uncut Version)
________________________________________
Written by: Marta Kauffman and David Crane
Transcribed by: guineapig
Additional transcribing by: Eric Aasen (Note: The previously unseen
parts of this episode are shown in blue text.)
________________________________________
Scene: Warm weekend afternoon. A small street in Manhattan. Around the
corner, a small café Central Perk is standing with flowers waving
above the door. Some guys are enjoying their time inside. Now we can
see in the sofas sitting four guys, Chandler, Joey, Phoebe, and
Monica.
一个清爽的午后，阳光撒在身上有说不出的舒服。这里是曼哈顿一个普通的街道，转过一个街角，看到一簇大丽花挂在一个小咖啡店的标牌前面，牌子上刻着Central
Perk,一看便知是在开Central
Park中央公园的玩笑。隔着窗子看进去，生意不错，几个一堆边喝边聊，不时爆发出一阵阵笑声喝碰杯的声音。也有一个人独坐窗边静静思考，出神地看着外面的景致。
Monica: There's nothing to tell! He's just some guy I work with!
Monica开始了老友记的第一句话
Joey: C'mon, you're going out with the guy! There's gotta be something
wrong with him!
每天要说无数次的"出什么事了？""怎么了"，英语里最救急的一句就是what's wrong (with
somebody/something)?你看到窗户总是在半夜自己敞开，伴随着"吱――"的响动,something wrong is
going on!再比如，你全朋友今晚别看电视了，因为吵着你睡觉了，朋友自然不乐意，于是你说一句this is simply
wrong!(你就是不该这么做)先让他感到事态严峻，随后说原因，如果每天都看无聊的soaps肥皂剧，自然不适合追求修养的人。
Chandler: All right Joey, be nice.
这里chandler一脸严肃的批评Joey，后面转头一问有变回了没有口德的chandler So does he have a hump?
A hump and a hairpiece? 这是Chandler挖苦Paul的话，意思是：他有驼背么？有假发的驼子？
Phoebe: Wait, does he eat chalk?
(They all stare, bemused.)
Phoebe: Just, 'cause, I don't want her to go through what I went
through with Carl- oh!
在讲go through之前，看两道托福听力。9508－07
7. I had a hard time getting through this novel.
I know how you feel. Who can remember the names of 35 different characters.
What does the woman imply? http://www.cybersome.com/cxna/
7. (A) She also found the book difficult.
(B) She has learned a lot about names.
(C) She doesn't remember the title of the novel.
(D) She read a different book.
这里的get through=go through,就是看书读书的意思，此题还被四六级委员会利用过。
普林斯顿样题3－21 Tim really seems to go through a lot of money, didn't he?
Like water, and he has nothing to show for it. 这里是花钱的意思。
可见go through就是神通广大的衍生词组，其中的意义很清楚，往前走，一直穿过去，或者是通过幸福，或者是经历煎熬。还有过海关是go
through the customs,受苦就是go through the pains,隐喻肉体或者精神的炼狱。详细划分，第一表示to
examine carefully,比如The professor went through the students'
papers教授已经批完了学生的作业, 第二表示to experience，比如We went through hell while
working on this project我们做这个项目没少受苦，第三表示to perform, 比如Who can go
through the sonata in 30
minutes?谁能在半个小时之内讲这首奏鸣曲演奏完毕？举个例子，你的朋友正在办理离婚手续，耗费大量人力物力，你感慨万千"It's such
a pain to go through",表现对你朋友的同情。再比如，你是信任警官，跟随一位senior
detective(资深侦探)去调查雨夜连环杀人案。看到你笨手笨脚的样子，侦探冷冷地说 "I went through a case in
two hours at most when I was your age, boy!
"（年轻人，我像你这么大的时候，侦破一个案件最多需要两个小时！）看着他低垂的帽檐，冷酷的棱角，你发觉自己太嫩了，不禁问道: "But
what am I supposed to go through before I can make myself a qualified
detective like you? " (那我究竟需要经历哪些事情，才能真的成为像你这么出色的侦探？)侦探吐出一口雪茄"You
watch and catch up, son"你要学会观察，跟紧线索！
Monica: Okay, everybody relax. This is not even a date. It's just two
people going out to dinner and not having sex.
it's just不那么偏重转折和否定，而是重在对内容进行轻描淡写的叙述，为了减低强度，淡化严肃性，也就是我们常说的大事化小，小事化了。所以经常用在给自己解围的情境中。比如，你出门忘了带钥匙，结果你和女朋友只能四处溜达，这让她恼怒不已:"look,
John, I can't believe this is happening again!"
虽然你的确丢三落四，可是这里必须找个台阶下去，所以辩解到:"Okay, honey, just be cool! It's just a
man like me happens to forget something like a
key!"(好了，亲爱的，别生气了！不就是像我这样的一个人，碰巧忘了意见诸如钥匙的物件而已！)你的女朋友一脸反讽:"Oh really?
So it's just a girl like me happens to pick up a wrong guy like you,
huh?"(哦，是吗？这么说，不过就是象我这样一个女孩，碰巧选错了一个你这样的男朋友，是吧？)你听出与其不对，赶紧一个傻笑:"Yeah,
honey, it's just a sweet pair like us happen to live in a forgetful
world like this!"(没错，亲爱的，不过就是像我们这么甜蜜的一对，碰巧生活在这么一个健忘的世界里面，就这么简单！)别忘记干笑两声，以表轻松。
Chandler: Sounds like a date to me.
sound like两个意思，第一是自己不能确定的时候，第二是故作深沉，欲扬先抑。各举一个例子，你的同桌一边听着老师在上面讲关于考试的事情，你一边小声嘀咕:"Sounds
like this time it's going to be a very serious game to
play."(听上去，好像这次还弄得挺严肃的。)你的同桌不解:"what?"你一皱眉头:"I mean the
test."（我是说这次考试）这次，同桌莞尔一笑:"Sounds like you're getting a bit
chicken!"（怎么，听着你好像对考试有点没底！）注意看，你要下班了，看到同事还没有走，于是过去亲切慰问一下:"Are you
done? Come on!"(你工作做完了吧？走，我们一块！)可是同事面露踌躇:"Ah, you just go ahead and
I'm waiting for the call of the
boss."（这样吧，你先走吧，我还要接一个老板的电话）说完之后，春风扑面。你觉得奇怪:"Sounds like the prelude
of a date or something, huh?"（我怎么听着象是个约会的前奏似的？）看着你不怀好意的脸，同事:"You never
know!"（这我可说不准了）蕴足少女的羞涩。你吐吐舌头，先溜了吧。其他的情景，辩论之中，对方说:"That argument sounds
reasonable."(那个观点听上去蛮有道理的)聊天之中，你说道薪水问题时咬牙切齿，朋友若有所悟:"Sounds like salary
is the big trouble."（看来，你之所以不喜欢这个工作，是因为薪水的问题）
Time Lapse
Chandler: Alright, so I'm back in high school, I'm standing in the
middle of the cafeteria, and I realize I am totally naked.
All: Oh, yeah. Had that dream.
Chandler: Then I look down, and I realize there's a phone... there.
Joey: Instead of...?
Chandler: That's right.
Joey: Never had that dream.
Phoebe: No.
Chandler: All of a sudden, the phone starts to ring. Now I don't know
what to do, everybody starts looking at me.
Monica: And they weren't looking at you before?!
Chandler: Finally, I figure I'd better answer it, and it turns out
it's my mother, which is very-very weird, because- she never calls me!
Time Lapse, Ross has entered.
Ross: (mortified) Hi.
Ross因为情绪低落故沉默少语，现在说出个"hi",表情极为痛苦，还不如不说。Joey的意思即是"我真想自杀。"他用此话来表达自己的一种情绪。
Ross说Hello的语调垂头丧气得好像It's the end of the world.让人郁闷得不行,所以Joey调侃说This
man says" hello", I would kill myself.
I guess this section of conversation is open to various
interpretations, as long as it makes you laugh, that's all, don't take
it too seriously!----F6英语笔记
Joey: This guy says hello, I wanna kill myself.
I wanna kill myself
.美国人说话的一个特点是夸张，当你表示不相信，不满意，不舒服等等，就说这句，比如你听到明天要进行考试，发现提款机提不出钱来，要走十公里才能到目的地，听说女朋友有外遇等等。文眼是kill这个单词，感觉上恶狠狠的，因为是赶尽杀绝的架势，比如，新闻报道中说，The
Black Death was a disease that killed
millions(黑死病是一种夺取过千百万人生命的疾病)，翻译成"杀死"，厨师讨论烹饪技艺得时候说Too much garlic
killed the taste of the meat(太多的蒜破坏了肉的味道)，表示"破坏"，在候机大厅横竖无事，不如kill a
few hours before the flight by
sightseeing(在飞行前观光消磨了几个小时)，就变成"消磨"之意。可见，只要是消极，消灭，阻止的概念，都可以采用kill
,简单有效。比如，试想我们平常的生活中 ，什么事情让我们身心疲惫呢？Jimmy Breslin（吉米.布雷斯林）的说法是:"The trip
to work, and the boredom and nervousness of jobs, kills
men!"(上班的往返，工作的乏味和紧张的状态使人筋疲力尽。)
Monica: Are you okay, sweetie?
Ross: I just feel like someone reached down my throat, grabbed my
small intestine, pulled it out of my mouth and tied it around my
neck... 这段话是不是很熟悉呀？对，《大话西游》里面一开始孙猴子发狠就是这样子讲的哦，不知道是谁抄袭谁，意思不用我解释了吧，这里Ross用来形容妻子Carol是Lesbian并同他离婚后的心情。
feel like 两个意思，一 感觉好像 二 表示to have an inclination or desire for具有…的倾向或欲望
Chandler: Cookie?
美国人为了表示关系亲密，或者为了拉近关系，都会直接称呼first name，甚至还有更亲近的词cookie, honey,
sweetie,等等，使用范围包括恋人，家人，好友，不分男女
Monica: (explaining to the others) Carol moved her stuff out today.
stuff指代名词的万能替代品，比如，你看到同事总是巴结上司，你很看不惯，和朋友说：I really hate that kind of
stuff.（我对那种做法真的烦透了）假如你作为上级主管，看到一个总是迟到的员工辩解说因为压力太大等等，你于是铁面无私，打断他说：Don't
give me that stuff about being tired.(不要对我说累了之类的话)
Joey: Ohh.
Monica: (to Ross) Let me get you some coffee.
Ross: Thanks.
Phoebe: Ooh! Oh! (She starts to pluck at the air just in front of Ross.)
Ross: No, no don't! Stop cleansing my aura! No, just leave my aura alone, okay?
aura ：a distinctive atmosphere surrounding a given source, ex: <the
place had an aura of mystery就是围绕在人或物四周的一种气>
当时的场景是Ross进来跟大家诉说他的不幸婚姻，倒了霉运的他周身象是鬼神附身一般。Phoebe
这人第一喜欢帮助人，第二她总是神叨叨的，大家还记得有一集里她看到一只猫，就说是她死去的妈吗？于是Phoebe想帮Ross把霉运赶走，PhD
Ross自然是反对封建迷信的，就对Phoebe说，意思是你别烦我了，省省吧。Phoebe做的手势是要把他的霉运驱除。
Phoebe: Fine! Be murky!
Ross: I'll be fine, alright? Really, everyone. I hope she'll be very happy.
Monica: No you don't.
Ross: No I don't, to hell with her, she left me!
西方文化和基督教义关系密切，这一点体现在英语中，hell表示的总是一些类似的场景，比如War is hell.如果让某人go to
hell，那无异于一个诅咒，表示下地狱吧，见鬼去吧。比如你去竞选州长，无端收到恐吓电话，现在你面对千万公众，站在大喇叭前面，义正词严：Someone
wanted me to drop out of the campaign but I told him to GO TO
HELL!(有人恐吓我让我退出竞选，不过我和他说见鬼去吧)于是振臂一呼，民众沸腾。在日常口语里面，一般都是表示抱怨，比如说某人went
through hell on the job（在工作中经历了重大痛苦），这里的hell就表示torment,
anguish.再比如，The boss is hell when a job is poorly
done.（每当工作做得不好时，那老板简直成了魔鬼），这里就直接用hell去形容一个人可怖的样子，You should give the
student hell for
cheating.(你应该狠狠地训斥作弊的学生)，这里就变成了斥责的意思。更常见的是将hell作为语气加强词，比如How hell can
I go?(我怎么能去呢)，You did one hell of a job.(你的工作一塌糊涂)，He ran like hell to
catch the bus.(他疯狂地追赶公共汽车相当于大家学过的on earth,但是来得更加地道。记得从前有部电视剧叫做A Native
of Beijing in New York《北京人在纽约》，开头一段很精彩:"If you love him, send him to
New York, for it's heaven; if you hate him, send him to New York, for
it's hell.(如果你爱他，送他到纽约，因为那里是天堂；如果你恨他，送他到纽约，因为那里是地狱。――That's a hell of
a smart saying!(说的太绝了！))")
Joey: And you never knew she was a lesbian...
Ross: No!! Okay?! Why does everyone keep fixating on that? She didn't
know, how should I know?
这句话很实用，意思是为什么你们总是提起那件事呢？因为Joey又提到了Ross妻子Carol是lesbian的事儿，Ross非常恼火，于是冒出这样一句，我们平常生活中也可以用一下。Remember:
fixate on sth.
Chandler: Sometimes I wish I was a lesbian... (They all stare at him.)
Did I say that out loud?
Wish 单词短小，但用处无穷，表示a desire, longing, or strong inclination for a
specific thing,我们讲的许愿，但愿都是它。通常来讲，wish表达的愿望是一种很难企及的目标，所以有点幻想色彩，后面一般会虚拟一下，比如文章里面Chandler表达的是一个不可能的愿望。你打电话过去，是答录机，于是你客气地留言:You
didn't show up at the bar and I waited for hours. I felt so silly of
myself. I wish I knew
why.(昨晚在酒吧你没来，我等了很久。我觉得自己很傻。我希望知道发生了什么。)－想起来了吗？这是电影You've Got
Mail网上情缘的对白
Ross: I told mom and dad last night, they seemed to take it pretty well.
take it口语里表示to endure abuse, criticism, or other harsh treatment,比如If
you can dish it out, you've got to learn to take
it.(如果你提出这个问题，你就要去承担所有的结果)。你的roommate每天都听heavy
metal（重金属摇滚），你实在忍无可忍，就说:"I just can't take it
anymore!"(我再也受不了了！)这句话用处很大，只要是你不喜欢的，都可以来一句，almost
everything,不管是人，是事都可以。记得电影Waterloo
Bridge《魂断蓝桥》里面，男主人公最后来找从前的恋人，追问朋友关于她的真相，那位从前也跳芭蕾的朋友一直问他:"Will you take
it ?"意思是，如果我告诉你事实真相，你能镇静地应付这一切问题吗？这么说话一定是很严重了，就比如一个病人反复询问医生自己点病情，医生问道:"If
I tell you about it, can you take
it?"(我可以告诉你，但是你要做好准备)，这就表示病情可能很严重了。有句话叫做take it or leave it,表示to
accept or reject
unconditionally(要么要，要么拒绝)，是绝对的是非选择，没有第三条道路可以挑选。文章里面说的take it pretty
well，表示听到事情之后并不惊慌，而是很沉着，就比如你说:"The other day I told her about my
getting married and she seemed to take it pretty
cool."(我那天和她的说起，我马上要结婚了，她看上去还挺镇定的)，言语之中很有点灰溜溜的失落了。
Monica: Oh really, so that hysterical phone call I got from a woman at
sobbing 3:00 A.M., "I'll never have grandchildren, I'll never have
grandchildren." was what? A wrong number?
Ross: Sorry.
Joey: Alright Ross, look. You're feeling a lot of pain right now.
You're angry. You're hurting. Can I tell you what the answer is?
(Ross gestures his consent.)
Joey: Strip joint! C'mon, you're single! Have some hormones!
"Strip joint"是脱衣舞场的意思，joint=place通常指不那么高雅的地方,Joey意思是Ross现在虽然很受伤，但是正好恢复单身，可以去脱衣舞场去，
"have some hormones"直译就是你要有一些男性荷尔蒙呀，翻译过来就是你该去（脱衣舞场）找乐子去。
Ross: I don't want to be single, okay? I just... I just- I just wanna
be married again!
(Rachel enters in a wet wedding dress and starts to search the room.)
Chandler: And I just want a million dollars! (He extends his hand hopefully.)
Chandler学着Ross的语气说我就是想有百万美元，并作出夸张手势，仿佛钱会从天而降，这时候只见身着白色婚纱，浑身湿透的Rachel失魂落魄地跑近来，引得人惊讶莫名，每张脸仿佛都在说"天哪，天下掉下个林妹妹"此处为老友记经典镜头
Monica: Rachel?!
Rachel: Oh God Monica hi! Thank God! I just went to your building and
you weren't there and then this guy with a big hammer said you might
be here and you are, you are!
God这是一个宗教意义的词，中文可翻译为神，造物主，上帝，安拉，真主等。但Rachel在剧中的用法是作为一个感叹词。可能大多数人都会在感到意外，惊恐的时候会喊上一句"My
God!" 但是真正虔诚的宗教徒是比较忌讳拿"God, Jesus
Christ"等词来表达情绪的，所以非要用来表达一种特定情绪的时候，他们选择说"man, boy,
gosh"。类似的还有用shoot代替shit，用Gee, Jeez代替Jesus Christ.与God有关的语气词还有God
knows（天晓得），比如说Rachel逃婚了，但她的未婚夫和亲朋好友并不知情，他们在教堂等待着新娘的到来，却迟迟不见Rachel的踪影。终于有人忍无可忍的问了一句"Where
the hell is she?",这是Barry无奈的耸耸肩"God knows!"另外还有Thank
God（谢天谢地），Rachel见到Monica的第一句话就是"Thank God"表示一种因困难已过而格外高兴的心情。
Waitress: Can I get you some coffee? http://www.cybersome.com/
Monica: (pointing at Rachel) De-caff. (to All) Okay, everybody, this
is Rachel, another Lincoln High survivor. (to Rachel) This is
everybody, this is Chandler, and Phoebe, and Joey, and- you remember
my brother Ross?
De-caff是不含咖啡因的咖啡。当时rach进来的时候很激动，mon就让咖啡店的小姐给她一杯这样的咖啡，免得她更激动。
Lincoln High 指Lincoln High School.能活着离开学校当然是surviors了
Rachel: Hi, sure!
Ross: Hi.
(They go to hug but Ross's umbrella opens. He sits back down defeated
again. A moment of silence follows as Rachel sits and the others
expect her to explain.)
Monica: So you wanna tell us now, or are we waiting for four wet bridesmaids?
再过一会儿就会有四个被淋湿的伴娘来找Rachel. Monica 拿这个来开玩笑。
Rachel: Oh God... well, it started about a half hour before the
wedding. I was in the room where we were keeping all the presents, and
I was looking at this gravy boat. This really gorgeous Lamauge gravy
boat. When all of a sudden- (to the waitress that brought her
coffee)Sweet 'n' Lo?- I realized that I was more turned on by this
gravy boat than by Barry! And then I got really freaked out, and
that's when it hit me: how much Barry looks like Mr. Potato Head.
Y'know, I mean, I always knew looked familiar, but... Anyway, I just
had to get out of there, and I started wondering 'Why am I doing this,
and who am I doing this for?'. (to Monica) So anyway I just didn't
know where to go, and I know that you and I have kinda drifted apart,
but you're the only person I knew who lived here in the city.
gravy boat ：An elongated, boat-shaped pitcher used to serve gravy. A
gravy boat usually sits on a matching plate, which is used to catch
gravy drips. Sometimes the plate is permanently attached to the
pitcher. A matching ladle often accompanies a gravy boat. Also called
sauce boat.
中文字典上解释为船行卤肉盘，这里说的boat是一种有手柄的，用来盛gravy（浇在菜上调味用的肉汁）的船形盘。 Lamauge
gravy boat lamauge应该是牌子或生产地,是法国名牌餐具
Gorgeous用来赞美那些漂亮的东西， 比如说看到一个小宝宝"What a gorgeous baby!",
男生形容女生漂亮也可以用这个词，比beautiful和pretty还要再高一级
Mr. Potato Head
瑞秋和众人谈到了她逃婚的原因，她说这是因为她突然发现她的未婚夫巴里医生长得活像"薯头先生(Mr．Potato
Head)"，这是在美国家喻户晓的卡通人物。如果大家看过《玩具总动员(Toy
Story)》，就会在里面发现他和他的夫人"薯头太太(Mrs．Potato
Head)"叽叽歪歪，经常批评这、批评那的形象。尽管"薯头先生"很可爱，但卡通毕竟是卡通，如果你在乎未婚夫的容貌，而未婚夫又不幸长得和"薯头先生"一副嘴脸，你最好还是和瑞秋一样赶紧逃婚。:-)
turn on 在美国如果不是指打开什么东西时，一般都指引起人的性兴奋。他们讲这些很随便，所以经常出现。这里Rachel发现自己爱（turned
on）结婚贺礼胜过爱自己的未婚夫，所以逃婚
freak out 很常用，就是吓坏了 http://www.cybersome.com/cxna/
sweet'n'low 低脂糖，最有名的代糖品牌，英文中直接表示代糖
Hit 在文章中的用法既简单又形象，表示某人的脑子突然被一个事实或想法击中，它就相当于前面的realize。这是一个老美很喜欢用，但中国人不太会用的动词，通常指开始做某事。例如摇滚乐团的主唱常会看看其他吉他手，键盘手，贝斯手准备好了没有，如果大家都准备好了的话，他就会大喊一声:
"Let's hit it."=Let's go. Let's start.。再如去洗澡，大多数人说take a
shower，如果你说hit a shower和老美一样，那种层次立马就不一样。类似的用法还有像睡觉hit the bed,上路说hit
the road.去电影院hit the movie theater,去酒吧hit the bar,甚至去学校hit the
school，去纽约城hit New York city，主打歌hit song打入排行榜hit the
billboard,还可以表示遇见某样东西，如hit the traffic light, hit the stop
sign。再介绍两个与之相关的短语:hit on sb. &hit it off. Hit
on是当作搭讪来解释。电视剧里常有一个男的跑去跟一个陌生女孩多吗说了两句话，那个女生就说:"Are you hitting on me?
"（你现在是在跟我搭讪吗？）而hit it off表示合得来，比如说He was introduced to a party woman
and they seem to hit it off immediately.(给他介绍一位漂亮女子后，他们似乎就一见钟情)。
Monica: Who wasn't invited to the wedding.
Monica说的是接Rachel最后一句的一个定语从句，所以没有主句，意思是：是啊是啊，我是你在这城唯一认识的人，却没有被邀请去参加婚礼。
Rachel: Ooh, I was kinda hoping that wouldn't be an issue... Scene:
Monica's Apartment, everyone is there and watching a Spanish Soap on
TV and are trying to figure out what is going on.
这句的意思是"我希望这件事不是个问题"， hoping 就是希望， kinda是kind of的缩写， 就是有一点的意思，
在很多话比如你问的这一举里面是添加一点谦虚语气的说法，有点那种"给我留些面子"的意思， 要多于到就会理解，另外，比如简单的意思：he's
kinds cool. 他有点酷
Monica: Now I'm guessing that he bought her the big pipe organ, and
she's really not happy about it.
pipe organ 管风琴
Chandler: (imitating the characters) Tuna or egg salad? Decide!
Ross: (in a deep voice) I'll have whatever Christine is having.
Rachel: (on phone) Daddy, I just... I can't marry him! I'm sorry. I
just don't love him. Well, it matters to me!
matter这个词在口语中出现的频率极高。做动词时，意思是"有重要性"，to be of importance.文中it matters
to me就是"这对我是重要的"。比如你和女友一起出去下雨了，你把唯一的一把伞让给女友，其实就是想受女友的邀请在一把伞下。以后回忆时，妻子回味起来，说他别有用心，虚情假意，他可以这样表白:"It
doesn't matter if it rained or not. What matters is I love
you."名词的matter和中文的"问题"相对应
(The scene on TV has changed to show two women, one is holding her hair.)
Phoebe: If I let go of my hair, my head will fall off. Chandler: (re
TV) Ooh, she should not be wearing those pants. Joey: I say push her
down the stairs. Phoebe, Ross, Chandler, and Joey: Push her down the
stairs! Push her down the stairs! Push her down the stairs!
I say : 这个短语的语法功能相当于一个语气词了。只是用来提醒别人自己将要发言，并没有什么具体的含义。比如I say, do you
have the time.(嗨，你有时间吗？)不过语气上客气一点。另外经常与say连用的口语习语是: You can say that
again! 这句话用于表达"完全同意"，托福常考习语。
(She is pushed down the stairs and everyone cheers.)
Rachel: C'mon Daddy, listen to me! It's like, it's like, all of my
life, everyone has always told me, 'You're a shoe! You're a shoe,
you're a shoe, you're a shoe!'. And today I just stopped and I said,
'What if I don't wanna be a shoe? What if I wanna be a- a purse,
y'know? Or a- or a hat! No, I'm not saying I want you to buy me a hat,
I'm saying I am a ha- It's a metaphor, Daddy!
shoe 就是鞋子的意思。下文 "it's a
metaphor"，是个比喻！Rachel喜欢购物嘛，所以把服饰比喻成人的理想，别人告诉rachel要成为一只鞋，rachel自己想做个"purse"
以鞋喻人生,职业、前途或者某一类人。老爸老妈希望Rachel成为某一种人，Rachel自己却另有想法。只不过Rachel想不到用什么比喻，所以用自己最喜欢的服饰作比喻。Rachel喜欢逛街购物嘛.Shoe和Purse都是ladies的最爱
shoe是指要成双配对的生活，因为shoes是2只一起的，一只shoe永远需要另外一只 purse就是独立的，自己可以生存的，
不需要配对的----F6英语笔记，但我觉得Rachel打比喻时没想这么多
Ross: You can see where he'd have trouble.
这句话完整的应该是You can see where he'd have trouble in catching your metaphor.
Apparently, we can tell that Rach's dad made fun of Rach's metaphor by
saying "buy her a hat", and pretended that he didn't know what Rach
was talking about. But what's even worse is that Rach didn't get her
dad's little trick either.So she yelled at the phone that "It's a
metaphor,Daddy!". Once she realized how rude and unladily she was just
now, her eyes met with Ross's, which made Ross rather embarrassing. So
he ended up saying that "You can see where he'd have trouble." That
means "you can see misunderstanding your metaphor is where he'd have
trouble to communicate with you smoothly.
Rachel: Look Daddy, it's my life. Well maybe I'll just stay here with Monica.
Look是个功能复杂的动词，但在这儿只是充当一个语气词，一般用来题型别人注意，自己下面要讲的内容比较重要了。
Monica: Well, I guess we've established who's staying here with Monica...
Monica has no idea why Rachel said that. But she can't just abandon
Rach at this critical time, so when her friends turned to her for a
verification, she can't think of nothing to say except that:
"Well, it seems to Rachel that I have already agreed on the whole
moving in thing( that is established an agreement on her moving in),
although I have nothing to do with it!!(Don't look at me in this weird
way, guys!)"
Rachel: Well, maybe that's my decision. Well, maybe I don't need your
money. Wait!! Wait, I said maybe!!
Time Lapse, Rachel is breating into a paper bag.
Monica: Just breathe, breathe.. that's it. Just try to think of nice
calm things... Phoebe: (sings) Raindrops on roses and rabbits and
kittens, (Rachel and Monica turn to look at her.) bluebells and
sleighbells and- something with mittens... La la la la...something and
noodles with string. These are a few...
源自电影音乐之声The Sound of Music但是Phoebe唱的零零落落，不会的就用拉拉拉混过去
Rachel: I'm all better now.
Phoebe: (grins and walks to the kitchen and says to Chandler and
Joey.) I helped!
Monica: Okay, look, this is probably for the best, y'know?
Independence. Taking control of your life. The whole, 'hat' thing.
Joey: (comforting her) And hey, you need anything, you can always come
to Joey. Me and Chandler live across the hall. And he's away a lot.
Monica: Joey, stop hitting on her! It's her wedding day!
号称情圣的Joey也跑来向Rachel表示："嗨，如果你需要什么尽管来找我好了。" 实际上Joey和另一个"老友"
Chandler就住在Monica的对门：Me and Chandler live right across the hall.
按语法讲，Joey应该说 Chandler and
I…但在口语中用me也是可以接受的，而且Joey为了突出自己而把Me放到了Chandler前面，然后还很暧昧地加了一句"他经常不在家
(And he's away lot)"。
Monica很了解Joey, 教训他说："你别挑逗她了 (stop hitting on her)，今天可是她的结婚之日。"
在上一篇当中我们也讲到过hit这个字，它可以用来表示realize, 而这里的hit on someone
的意思是"和某人调情，或挑逗某人", 相当于flirt with someone, 其它类似的表达法还有：to make a pass at
someone和 to come on to someone, 例如：
"Did you see the way Brian came on to Sally at the office party?"
"Oh, Brian has made a pass at every girl in the office."
"I know, but he hit on Sally particularly hard."
到底是情圣啊! 最后Joey脸不红心不跳地回了一句："怎么啦？难道还有什么明文规定不成？（What, like there's a rule
or something?）。"
Hit on sb. /come on to sb./pass at sb./crash on sb.与flirt with
sb.是有区别的。前者指的是对某人有意思，有好感（情感上或"生理"上），不一定（只是不一定要付诸行动，即"被某人所吸引"，而后者则应包括付诸行动，比如我们常说的"上前搭讪，引人注意，挑逗，调情"。当然具体到实际生活中两种情况有可能交叉，比如上文中翻译的"你别挑逗她了
"就包含了这两种意思，非常准确。
另外What, like there's a rule or something?似乎该理解为：难道有什么规定（在这种情况下禁止我追求她）么？
have the hots for someone
be stuck on someone
have one's cap set for someone
fall for
Joey: What, like there's a rule or something?
(The door buzzer sounds and Chandler gets it.)
Chandler: Please don't do that again, it's a horrible sound.
Paul: (over the intercom) It's, uh, it's Paul.
Monica: Oh God, is it 6:30? Buzz him in!
Buzz him in buzz就是按楼洞防盗门时发出的声音，这样用法又简单，又形象
Joey: Who's Paul?
Ross: Paul the Wine Guy, Paul?
Monica: Maybe. Joey: Wait. Your 'not a real date' tonight is with Paul
the Wine Guy?
Ross: He finally asked you out?
Monica: Yes!
Chandler: Ooh, this is a Dear Diary moment.
西方人写日记一开头总爱写Dear Diary,......
Dear Diary moment也许是讲这个时刻不同寻常，有重要意义，值得写进日记的意思吧
这是一个值得纪念的日子/时刻"的意思。
Monica: Rach, wait, I can cancel...
Rachel: Please, no, go, that'd be fine!
Monica: (to Ross) Are, are you okay? I mean, do you want me to stay?
Ross: (choked voice) That'd be good...
Monica: (horrified) Really?
Ross: (normal voice) No, go on! It's Paul the Wine Guy!
Phoebe: What does that mean? Does he sell it, drink it, or just
complain a lot? (Chandler doesn't know.)
(There's a knock on the door and it's Paul.)
Monica: Hi, come in! Paul, this is.. (They are all lined up next to
the door.)... everybody, everybody, this is Paul.
All: Hey! Paul! Hi! The Wine Guy! Hey!
Chandler: I'm sorry, I didn't catch your name. Paul, was it?
catch If you catch something someone has said, you manage to hear it.
Monica: Okay, umm-umm, I'll just--I'll be right back, I just gotta go
ah, go ah...
Ross: A wandering?
Monica: Change! Okay, sit down. (Shows Paul in) Two seconds.
Change 换衣服,TOEFL普林斯顿样题1第22题
I'm taking my roommate out for her birthday tonight, you know, to that
fancy new restaurant.
You can't go like that, You'd better change.这里的Change就是换衣服的意思。
Phoebe: Ooh, I just pulled out four eyelashes. That can't be good.
(Monica goes to change.)
Joey: Hey, Paul!
Paul: Yeah?
Joey: Here's a little tip, she really likes it when you rub her neck
in the same spot over and over and over again until it starts to get a
little red.
我给你一点小建议， 她真得喜欢有人在她的脖子上面一个地方反复反复再反复的擦直到有一点红。tip是建议， 还可以用suggestion,
hint等， suggestion正式, hint跟tip都比较随意， tip 还有小费的意思, 名词和动词tip me some
tip就是说我回答你的问题你可以给我一点消费， tip最基本的意思就是什么东西的尖儿了， finger tip指尖
Monica: (yelling from the bedroom) Shut up, Joey!
shut up就是住嘴的意思，但不是不友好。记得公主日记么？princess mia和她的Queen
grandma说这词的时候来自欧洲的grandma惊呆了，这时候有人解释在美国shut up并不是不礼貌。仅仅是be quiet.
Ross: So Rachel, what're you, uh... what're you up to tonight?
Rachel: Well, I was kinda supposed to be headed for Aruba on my
honeymoon, so nothing!
Ross: Right, you're not even getting your honeymoon, God.. No, no,
although, Aruba, this time of year... talk about your- (thinks) -big
lizards... Anyway, if you don't feel like being alone tonight, Joey
and Chandler are coming over to help me put together my new furniture.
Rachel说度蜜月到Aruba,为什么Ross提到 Big lizards
当Rach提到本想去Aruba时，Ross原本想说Rach不能去渡蜜月是太遗憾了，但突然意识到不应该说这些，急忙改口找些其他话题而提到Big
lizards，并不是Ross对生物感兴趣。我认为到底Aruba有没有Big lizards无关紧要，只是Ross转换话题的一个借口而已
Chandler: (deadpan) Yes, and we're very excited about it.
Rachel: Well actually thanks, but I think I'm just gonna hang out here
tonight. It's been kinda a long day.
hang out here,呆在这
朋友之间相处，象FRIENDS他们一起喝咖啡，在MON家聊天之类的，都是hang out
像这样的词组就是所谓的，外国人不认为是俚语的俚语，它们非常通俗，老外每天都在说，而我们在字典上却查不到确切含义，因此，看FRIENDS是很有帮助的。
it' been kinda a long day,完成时态，因为RACH又逃婚，有被老爸骂，这一天过得很痛苦，所以也就很漫长。
Ross: Okay, sure.
Joey: Hey Pheebs, you wanna help?
Phoebe: Oh, I wish I could, but I don't want to.
如果你想礼貌的拒绝别人的邀请，就可以用I wish I could, but+借口（如Ihave to
study）,可千万别学Phoebe这么诚实的说I don't want to
Commercial Break
Scene: The Subway, Phoebe is singing for change.
Phoebe: (singing) Love is sweet as summer showers, love is a wondrous
work of art, but your love oh your love, your love...is like a giant
pigeon...crapping on my heart. La-la-la-la-la- (some guy gives her
some change and to that guy) Thank you. (sings) La-la-la-la...ohhh!
这里是Phoebe第一次展示她的歌喉，我们可以感觉到她的特有的才华，不过才华要加上双引号的哦。
Scene: Ross's Apartment, the guys are there assembling furniture.
Ross: (squatting and reading the instructions) I'm supposed to attach
a brackety thing to the side things, using a bunch of these little
worm guys. I have no brackety thing, I see no whim guys whatsoever
and- I cannot feel my legs.
brackety thing,whim guy,worm guy
bracket thing是组装家具的支架之类的东西
whim是一种类似起锚器或绞盘的东西，用于把比较重的物品提起来
worm guy是指代螺丝钉，因为螺丝钉上的纹路与worm很相似
(Joey and Chandler are finishing assembling the bookcase.)
Joey: I'm thinking we've got a bookcase here.
Chandler: It's a beautiful thing.
Joey: (picking up a leftover part) What's this?
Chandler: I would have to say that is an 'L'-shaped bracket.
Joey: Which goes where?
Chandler: I have no idea.
(Joey checks that Ross is not looking and dumps it in a plant.)
Joey: Done with the bookcase!
Chandler: All finished! http://www.cybersome.com/
Ross: (clutching a beer can and sniffing) This was Carol's favorite
beer. She always drank it out of the can, I should have known.
out of是说从易拉罐里喝吧，没什么特别的
Joey: Hey-hey-hey-hey, if you're gonna start with that stuff we're outta here.
Chandler: Yes, please don't spoil all this fun.
Joey: Ross, let me ask you a question. She got the furniture, the
stereo, the good TV- what did you get?
Ross: You guys.
Chandler: Oh, God.
Ross的回答肯定会引起另两位老友的不满和得意
Joey: You got screwed.
Chandler: Oh my God!
Scene: A Restaurant, Monica and Paul are eating.
Monica: Oh my God!
Paul: I know, I know, I'm such an idiot. I guess I should have caught
on when she started going to the dentist four and five times a week. I
mean, how clean can teeth get?
Monica: My brother's going through that right now, he's such a mess.
How did you get through it?
He's a mess.他很惨
Paul: Well, you might try accidentally breaking something valuable of
hers, say her-
Monica: -leg?
Paul: (laughing) That's one way! Me, I- I went for the watch.
Monica: You actually broke her watch? Wow! The worst thing I ever
did was, I-I shredded by boyfriend's favorite bath towel.
Paul: Ooh, steer clear of you.
Pual:Ooh,steer chear of you.那可不能惹你呀
Monica: That's right.
Scene: Monica's Apartment, Rachel is talking on the phone and pacing.
Rachel: Barry, I'm sorry... I am so sorry... I know you probably think
that this is all about what I said the other day about you making love
with your socks on, but it isn't... it isn't, it's about me, and I ju-
(She stops talking and dials the phone.) Hi, machine cut me off
again... anyway...look, look, I know that some girl is going to be
incredibly lucky to become Mrs. Barry Finkel, but it isn't me, it's
not me. And not that I have any idea who me is right now, but you
just have to give me a chance too... (The maching cuts her off again
and she redials.)
machine指的是answer machine，cut off 指故意断线
Scene: Ross's Apartment; Ross is pacing while Joey and Chandler are
working on some more furniture.
Ross: I'm divorced! I'm only 26 and I'm divorced!
Joey: Shut up!
Chandler: You must stop! (Chandler hits what he is working on with a
hammer and it collapses.)
Ross: That only took me an hour.
此处only反到是强调多，托福听力中曾经出现过Only every spare minute!("只不过"每一分钟的自由时间而已。)
Chandler: Look, Ross, you gotta understand, between us we haven't had
a relationship that has lasted longer than a Mento. You, however
have had the love of a woman for four years. Four years of closeness
and sharing at the end of which she ripped your heart out, and that is
why we don't do it! I don't think that was my point!
Mento是曼妥思糖(Mentos)的简称。在钱德勒和乔伊安慰离婚的罗斯时，钱德勒说他和乔伊与女孩的关系从来没有"长过嚼一颗曼妥思糖的时间(lasted
longer than a Mento)"；以劝慰罗斯放开一点。
Ross: You know what the scariest part is? What if there's only one
woman for everybody, y'know? I mean what if you get one woman- and
that's it? Unfortunately in my case, there was only one woman- for
her...
们知道最可怕的是什么？要是每个人只能有一个女人？我是说，要是你找到一个女人（做另一半）－然后就不能在找了？不幸的是，我这件事里，那个一个女人是给"她"准备的..
Joey: What are you talking about? 'One woman'? That's like saying
there's only one flavor of ice cream for you. Lemme tell you
something, Ross. There's lots of flavors out there. There's Rocky
Road, and Cookie Dough, and Bing! Cherry Vanilla. You could get 'em
with Jimmies, or nuts, or whipped cream! This is the best thing that
ever happened to you! You got married, you were, like, what, eight?
Welcome back to the world! Grab a spoon!
There's Rocky Road, and Cookie Dough, and Bing! Cherry Vanilla. You
could get 'em with Jimmies, or nuts, or whipped cream!
jimmies是一种经常撒在ice cream上的巧克力味的小糖果棒。bing就是一个拟声词。
Ross: I honestly don't know if I'm hungry or horny.
用一堆冰淇淋表示女人的类型，H还押运呢
Chandler: Stay out of my freezer! Scene: A Restaurant, Monica and Paul
are still eating.
Paul: Ever since she walked out on me, I, uh...
walked out on对家人的遗弃的意思
Monica: What?..... What, you wanna spell it out with noodles?
Paul: No, it's, it's more of a fifth date kinda revelation.
Monica: Oh, so there is gonna be a fifth date?
Paul: Isn't there?
Monica: Yeah... yeah, I think there is. -What were you gonna say?
Paul: Well, ever-ev-... ever since she left me, um, I haven't been
able to, uh, perform. (Monica takes a sip of her drink.) ...Sexually.
Monica: (spitting out her drink in shock) Oh God, oh God, I am
sorry... I am so sorry...
Paul: It's okay...
Monica: I know being spit on is probably not what you need right now.
Um... how long?
spit on 吐在身上
Paul: Two years.
Monica: Wow! I'm-I'm-I'm glad you smashed her watch!
smash 砸烂
Paul: So you still think you, um... might want that fifth date?
Monica: (pause)...Yeah. Yeah, I do.
Scene: Monica's Apartment, Rachel is watching Joanne Loves Chaci.
Priest on TV: We are gathered here today to join Joanne Louise
Cunningham and Charles, Chachi-Chachi-Chachi, Arcola in the bound of
holy matrimony.
in bound of holy matrimony,就是结为夫妇，在神圣婚姻的约束，范围内
Rachel: Oh...see... but Joanne loved Chachi! That's the difference!
What Rachel said is funny is because Rachel here was sarcastic about
her running away from altar. She was deeply moved by the true love
between Joanne and Chachi which leads to a successful holy matrimony,
while she and Barry had almost everything but love and that results in
her disappointment in their matrimony. So she felt right to have
escaped from a doomed marriage with a person she would never love.
Scene: Ross's Apartment, they're all sitting around and talking.
Ross: (scornful) Grab a spoon. Do you know how long it's been since
I've grabbed a spoon? Do the words 'Billy, don't be a hero' mean
anything to you?
Billy,Don't Be A Hero是一首７０年代的老歌，描写的是越战中，一个女孩希望自己的fiance
Billy平安归来，歌中有一句词说："比利，不要成为一个英雄(Billy，don't be a
hero)。回来，让我成为你的妻子。但最后Billy还是在战争中失去了他年青的生命．'在剧中，乔伊劝告罗斯忘记前妻卡罗尔，再找新的女友，罗斯非常不满，他反问乔伊：那"比利，不要成为一个英雄"这个故事对你有何启发?这里罗斯把找新女友比喻成上战场。
Joey: Great story! But, I uh, I gotta go, I got a date with
Andrea--Angela--Andrea... Oh man, (looks to Chandler)
Chandler: Angela's the screamer, Andrea has cats.
第1集就可以看出Joey是个情圣了
Joey: Right. Thanks. It's June. I'm outta here. (Exits.)
Ross: Y'know, here's the thing. Even if I could get it together enough
to- to ask a woman out,... who am I gonna ask? (He gazes out of the
window.)
Cut to Rachel staring out of her window.
Commercial Break
Scene: Monica's Apartment, Rachel is making coffee for Joey and Chandler.
Rachel: Isn't this amazing? I mean, I have never made coffee before in
my entire life.
Chandler: That is amazing.
Joey: Congratulations.
Rachel: Y'know, I figure if I can make coffee, there isn't anything I can't do.
Chandler: If can invade Poland, there isn't anything I can't do.
Rachel previously said if she could make coffee on her own, there
wasn't anything she couldn't do.
Chandler is a person of sarcasm, he just quoted what Rachel said to be ironic.
Moreover, Hitler invaded Poland with the intent of conquering the
whole world. The metaphor used here makes the line much funnier.
Joey: Listen, while you're on a roll, if you feel like you gotta make
like a Western omelet or something... (Joey and Chandler taste the
coffee, grimace, and pour it into a plant pot.) Although actually I'm
really not that hungry...
on a roll: undergoing or experiencing sustained, even increasing good
fortune or success (手风较顺)
另外这个western omelet（西式煎蛋）很棒，是用火腿片、切碎的青椒、洋葱片撒在摊开的蛋上，用平底锅放在小火上烤出来的，我还喜欢在蛋里撒些cheese丝儿，哈哈，不能说了，我开始滴口水了。
Monica: (entering, to herself) Oh good, Lenny and Squigy are here.
All: Morning. Good morning.
Paul: (entering from Monica's room) Morning.
Joey: Morning, Paul.
Rachel: Hello, Paul.
Chandler: Hi, Paul, is it?
(Monica and Paul walk to the door and talk in a low voice so the
others can't hear. The others move Monica's table closer to the door
so that they can.)
Paul: Thank you! Thank you so much!
Monica: Stop!
Paul: No, I'm telling you last night was like umm, all my birthdays,
both graduations, plus the barn raising scene in Witness.
Barn raising scene in Witness
哈里森，福特主演的《目击者(Witness)》一片中，被迫杀的警察布克为了逃脱敌人而被迫躲在农村，宁静的乡村生活中大家合力盖谷仓的场景是电影中层现快乐生活的精彩片断。在《老友记》剧中，刚和莫尼卡共度良宵的保罗为了形容他的快感，说和莫尼卡做爱要超过"所有生日、两次毕业典礼再加上《目击者》电影里合力盖起谷仓那种快乐"。
Monica: We'll talk later.
Paul: Yeah. (They kiss) Thank you. (Exits)
Joey: That wasn't a real date?! What the hell do you do on a real date?
Monica: Shut up, and put my table back.
All: Okayyy! (They do so.)
Chandler: All right, kids, I gotta get to work. If I don't input those
numbers,... it doesn't make much of a difference...
Rachel: So, like, you guys all have jobs?
Monica: Yeah, we all have jobs. See, that's how we buy stuff.
Joey: Yeah, I'm an actor.
Rachel: Wow! Would I have seen you in anything?
Joey: I doubt it. Mostly regional work.
regional work 他指范围比较小的表演，也不会上电视什么的
Monica: Oh wait, wait, unless you happened to catch the Reruns'
production of Pinocchio, at the little theater in the park.
Pinocchio，Geppetto
这就是大家耳熟能详的木偶皮诺曹和他的制造者、老木匠葛佩托。剧中，这是乔伊曾经出演过的剧目。
Joey: Look, it was a job all right?
Chandler: 'Look, Gippetto, I'm a real live boy.'
Joey: I will not take this abuse. (Walks to the door and opens it to leave.)
I will not take this abuse.我不能容忍你这样羞辱我
Chandler: You're right, I'm sorry. (Burst into song and dances out of
the door.) "Once I was a wooden boy, a little wooden boy..."
Joey: You should both know, that he's a dead man. Oh, Chandler?
(Starts after Chandler.)
Monica: So how you doing today? Did you sleep okay? Talk to Barry? I
can't stop smiling.
Rachel: I can see that. You look like you slept with a hanger in your mouth.
因为monica笑个不停，和不上嘴，rachel就说她好像嘴里有一个衣架把嘴撑住了, hanger是衣架
Monica: I know, he's just so, so... Do you remember you and Tony DeMarco?
Rachel: Oh, yeah.
Monica: Well, it's like that. With feelings.
Rachel: Oh wow. Are you in trouble.
Monica: Big time!
Rachel: Want a wedding dress? Hardly used.
Monica: I think we are getting a little ahead of selves here. Okay.
Okay. I am just going to get up, go to work and not think about him
all day. Or else I'm just gonna get up and go to work.
I think we are getting a little ahead of selves here我想我们现在讨论这个（婚纱的问题）有点太早了
Rachel: Oh, look, wish me luck!
Monica: What for?
Rachel: I'm gonna go get one of those (Thinks) job things.
(Monica exits.)
--
Sincerely,
Cybersome @ http://www.cybersome.com/
cXNA - http://www.cybersome.com/cxna/
"I Stared Down Death"
Her quick stop at the convenience store turned into a 20-hour hostage ordeal.
By Christopher W. Davis
From Reader's Digest
March 2006
"Everybody's Got Their Time"
 |
| Photo by Kevin Horan |
| After her hostage ordeal, Smith claims old nightmares no longer plague her. |
|
|
Tammi Smith got up early and dressed in jeans and a white shirt. She had an appointment in traffic court in Shelbyville, Indiana, over a minor violation. Waking her husband, Shawn, with a kiss, she told him she was taking the van. The kids were already up, eating cereal and watching cartoons. After court, she thought she might stop to get her nails done and then pick up sodas at the Bigfoot convenience store on the way home.
Eighty miles down the interstate in Cincinnati, Ohio, Dennis McAninch and his friend Joseph G. Scalf also had appointments in court. On burglary charges. McAninch, a 34-year-old ex-con with multiple felony arrests and convictions, was currently out on parole after serving five years for burglary. But instead of showing for their court dates, the pair drove across the state line into Indiana in McAninch's 1999 white Ford compact.
In Batesville, an off-duty policeman noticed the car slowly cruising a neighborhood. There'd recently been a string of burglaries there -- and this guy drove like someone casing houses. The officer called in a description of the vehicle, and in minutes a police car was on the scene, lights flashing.
McAninch pulled over and lifted his shirt, showing Scalf the 9 mm semi-automatic in his belt. He kept the engine running. Then, as the officer approached, he gunned it and took off.
Tammi's traffic case was quickly resolved without a fine. Leaving the courthouse, she checked her watch. She still had time to get her nails done.
Mcaninch reached speeds of up to 120 mph on Interstate 74, swerving around stop sticks on the highway and throwing screwdrivers, bottles, anything he could put his hands on, out the window at police.
After leaving the manicurist, Tammi drove east on Route 44 to Bigfoot. She pulled up to the front door of the convenience store. Intending to dash in and pick up some sodas, she left her keys and cell phone on the seat.
In his frantic attempt to escape, McAninch finally crashed into another vehicle, damaging his Ford, which barely made it off the highway into the Bigfoot lot. He leaped out of the car and dashed for the store as police cars pulled in, in close pursuit. Scalf held his hands out of the passenger window and surrendered. McAninch kept running, firing twice at police.
Tammi was at the register, holding a copy of The Shelbyville News, when a stocky man in a long-sleeved white shirt and jeans burst through the front door with a gun in his hand. "Everybody get out or I'm going to kill you!"
Two female employees rushed for the back door. McAninch leaped over the counter, cornering the clerk, a young man, at the register. Not knowing what to do, Tammi ducked behind a food rack at the back of the store.
But McAninch saw her. "You, get up here!" he shouted.
Okay, Tammi told herself, this is God's plan for me today. I might die. Don't be afraid of dying. Everybody's got their time. This might be mine.
Alone With the Gunman
As police cars gathered in the parking lot, McAninch ordered the clerk to lock the front door. The young man eased around the counter, locked the door and pocketed the key. Then, seeing McAninch was focused on the police out front, he bolted for the back door.
Tammi was now alone with the gunman.
McAninch grabbed her by the hair, forced her up to the window and put his gun to her head -- showing police he had a hostage.
"Please don't shoot me," Tammi said. She started to cry. "I have kids."
McAninch turned the gun away and instead fired a shot through the window at police. Then he dragged Tammi to the back of the store and into a windowless office, a cramped space with a desk, two chairs, a phone and two computer monitors, one that showed views from security cameras inside the store.
McAninch told Tammi to take a seat and then sat next to her. The wait began. Tammi knew her only chance was to stay calm, show no emotion and try to keep talking to this guy.
The office phone began to ring. One of the calls was from a reporter at Indianapolis radio station WIBC, who had heard about the police chase and called for an eyewitness account. McAninch told her he was holding a hostage, and then asked the reporter to call a woman friend. The reporter linked them on a conference call and later broadcast portions of their conversation.
"What's up, baby?" asked McAninch.
"Nothing," the woman responded. "What's wrong?"
"I'm in a gas station. There's about 50 police outside. I shot at them so ... they're probably going to end up killing me."
She tried to talk sense to him. "Can't you go out with your hands up?" she asked. "Figure another way out of this."
Nothing changed his mind. In the midst of the conversation, McAninch even put Tammi on the phone.
As time dragged on, Tammi asked him if she could go to the bathroom, but McAninch said, "Baby, I just can't let you go up there. They're liable to shoot through the windows." Eventually he allowed her to relieve herself in a trash can.
At long last, police took command of the phone line. They now controlled McAninch's access to the outside world through a police negotiator.
When he first called, the negotiator asked McAninch who he was holding hostage. Was she all right? Did he or Tammi need medical attention? Then the negotiator settled into a long conversation calculated to keep McAninch calm.
Tammi was working on the same idea. When McAninch was off the phone, she took family photos out of her wallet. "Here's my daughter," she told him. "She's a cheerleader. She's ten. Isn't she beautiful?"
McAninch studied the photo. "Yeah, she's a beautiful girl."
"Do you have any kids?" Tammi asked.
Yes, he said, one, a 13-year-old daughter, but he had no pictures.
Tammi was trying to get to know him. Win his trust. It was already obvious to her that he wasn't expecting to get out alive. She had to find a way to convince him not to take her with him.
"All I Want Is to Go Home"
In between phone calls, McAninch checked the layout of the store. The back entrance was a thick cold-storage door with a large metal handle. McAninch braced a stepladder against the handle and built a barricade of food boxes.
All the while, Tammi kept McAninch talking, looking for anything to engage him. He had tattoos running up the right side of his neck -- his birth sign, Virgo. And on his right arm were two women's names; one was his daughter's. On his left arm, there was a poem for his parents. Tammi could only make out the last line: "Let there be no more tears." She stored it all away.
"Your daughter needs you," she said. "You know that."
"Yeah, I know," McAninch said.
"You need to give up," she said, keeping her tone even, trying not to sound bossy or pushy, more like a friend giving advice. She repeated what the police had earlier told him. "Give me the gun. Put it in a plastic bag. I'll carry it out." She kept talking. "Do your time, and you'll get out."
"I can't do that," he said.
There was money everywhere. Tammi had never seen a room so disorganized. There was cash piled on the desk in the office. Checks written out to Bigfoot all over the place. Bunches of cash behind the chairs. McAninch stuffed over $1,000 into his pockets. And handed Tammi $350 out of the stack of cash on the table.
"I can't take that," she told him. "God's watching. I'm not a thief."
"Take it," he insisted. "Put it in your wallet -- now!"
She tried to shake him off. "All I want is to go home and make dinner for my family."
"I can't let you go. You're my security blanket," McAninch told her. "You're what's keeping me alive."
Emergency response teams (SWAT units) from state, county and city jurisdictions were now on the scene. Police put gunmen in place. A mobile command center had been set up some 500 yards from the store near the interstate overpass. The press corps had arrived en masse.
Alerted by the radio broadcast, Tammi's husband, Shawn, his parents and her mother and stepfather had rushed to the scene. A state police chaplain was assigned to stay with the family. Police told them Tammi was not hurt -- and, in a convenience store, not hungry. They said they would do anything to keep her safe. One officer told the press, "We are prepared to talk until the last Ho Ho is gone."
Fifteen hours crept by. McAninch sat thinking, tapping the gun against his head and making multiple demands of the police negotiator. He wanted to visit his mother's grave before being locked up, he wanted his pal Joe Scalf set free, he wanted to talk to his daughter, he wanted a live television crew filming his surrender so there wouldn't be any monkey business, and he wanted cold beer. "Of all places to hold up," he said, "I chose one that doesn't sell beer."
Through it all, Tammi was close enough to him to grab his gun, but even if she could wrestle it from him, she knew she'd never be able to use it. She tried to maintain an appearance of calm.
"You're a pretty cool hostage," he said, and told the police: "This bitch ain't scared at all."
Slowly McAninch began to talk to her. He confessed he was bipolar. That he used Valium. He had marijuana with him and started to smoke a joint, offering her a puff. She said no.
"At least I'm locked up in here with a beautiful girl and not some guy," he said.
Around midnight, Tammi told McAninch she was feeling sick. He let her go to the sink to throw up. Then he became concerned. "Are you all right? Can I get you some milk to settle your stomach?"
"Yes," Tammi said.
He went into the store and brought her some. Then he started to pace. A few minutes later, he went to the sink and began to vomit himself. When he returned, Tammi saw panic in his eyes.
"Are you scared?" she asked.
He didn't answer. But overhead they heard helicopters. Tammi pleaded again with McAninch to let her go. She was tired. She was sick.
"You're becoming a not-so-cool hostage," he told her.
Too Burned Out for Tears
At around 2 a.m., McAninch gathered flattened cardboard boxes and put them on the floor. Then he found some Bigfoot employee uniform shirts in the back room and laid them on the cardboard to make a bed. As he stretched out, blocking the front doorway, gun in hand, he asked Tammi, "You want to do something?"
"What!" Tammi said, surprised and angry. McAninch lay there looking at her as the minutes ticked by, then said, "OK, I'm not even going to go there."
Tammi watched as he closed his eyes. All right, she thought. What if he goes to sleep? Should I run for it? In the end she decided not to. The doors were locked, and he still held the gun. And as far as she could tell, he never did drift off to sleep.
The negotiator called again, offering a cell phone to McAninch because the land line had become staticky. Send Tammi out for it; they'd leave it outside.
"I'm not sending her out there till you guys back off," McAninch said.
Taking a chance, Tammi walked to the front door, took the handle and pulled. "The door's locked," she yelled to the police.
"Get back here," McAninch ordered.
"Let me go get that phone. I'll come back," she pleaded.
After more negotiation with her and the police, McAninch finally agreed. But he wanted to make sure his "protection" would come back.
He began rummaging around in the store, searching. Suddenly he picked up a vacuum cleaner, grabbed a screwdriver and took it apart. He ripped the electrical cord free, and came for Tammi. He tied the cord around her waist. Holding her on a tether, he let Tammi out the front door. In the interim, working in the shadows, the police had unlocked it. Tammi moved forward, looked, but couldn't find the phone. Enraged, McAninch yanked her in.
Back on the static-filled land line, the police explained that a new cell phone had been attached to a pole just outside the door. But McAninch was in no mood to listen.
As dawn broke, police demolition experts rigged the heavy back door with explosive charges. A SWAT team was ready to blow it open and rush the store.
At the same time, around 6:30 a.m., McAninch changed his mind and decided to send Tammi out once more to get the phone. He played her out on the cord. She opened the door, stepped forward, saw the phone on the ground and reached for it.
Policemen hidden in the shadows grabbed her by the arm and tried to pull her free. For a moment Tammi was trapped in a tug of war. But McAninch reeled her back in.
"Get back!" he yelled at the police. "Get back!" He fired a shot.
Police returned fire. One SWAT unit blew open the back door. Another unit rushed the front.
"Stop shooting! Stop shooting!" Tammi yelled. "I'm right here! I'm right here!" She fell to the floor and grabbed a plastic soda tray to shield her head.
Suddenly it was silent. The shooting stopped. She looked at McAninch, who was lying motionless across her leg -- bullet wounds in his arm, leg and chest.
Tammi didn't scream or cry. She didn't know whether to run or not. She thought McAninch might still be able to shoot her. But he was dying. His mouth was open and there was a gaping hole under his chin pulsing out blood. He'd shot himself -- he would never go back to prison.
The police moved to scoop her up, but she was still tethered to the bloody body. An officer cut the cord, and finally she was free.
Outside it was raining. Her shoe had come off. Held between two policemen, Tammi hopped on one foot across the wet parking lot. They took her to the command trailer to recover and talk with negotiators. Amazingly, her only injury was to her morning manicure -- a broken nail.
Her husband, Shawn, ran to the trailer to meet her. They hugged, unable to speak, and Shawn began to cry. But Tammi was too burned out for tears. She didn't cry that day or night or the next day. It wasn't until around midnight of the second day that she began to weep uncontrollably.
From the time she was a child, Tammi Smith had nightmares that someone was lurking in the dark waiting to kill her with a knife or a gun. After Bigfoot, she doesn't have that dream anymore.
A veteran reporter, Christopher W. Davis has tracked down stories in plenty of big cities -- but it's the less reported stories in small towns, he likes best. Reporting on Tammi Smith's ordeal, he wishes now he had collected a nickel for every time he heard: "Nothing ever happens in Shelbyville." To see exactly what did happened at the climax of the hostage situation, view the actual video footage of the scene.
在作弊中慢慢成长
也许作弊，是我们对于校园内腐败的一种称呼。一个天真孩童，穿过长达十余年的教育隧道，通往社会。像一个少林寺和尚在黑暗中打过十八铜人阵而还俗。哪里能够不留下一生当中的伤痕累累。在风雨之夜历经骨痛，心想，那是我长大成人的代价。
我的父亲是一位退休的中学语文教师。也是我高中时的任课老师。家、国不曾相通，师、父确是并举的。喝过酒到六七分，他的话题偏偏就要落在从事终生的教育上。他对中学教育的总体评价是不及格，批语是："毁人无数"。以下是他的原话：好成绩（的人）往往太听话，受害最深，丧失灵性。那些调皮的、捣蛋的，从小学到中学，紧箍咒箍上十来年，差不多都给毁了，一个个唯唯诺诺、充满奴性。只有少数人意志坚强，有反叛精神，当面一套背后一套，加上被老师忽略，反而有空间生长。结果捱了过去，还能成器。
最后还要补上一句：你大表哥就是活生生被毁掉的例子。
父亲的话也许偏激，但其实这样的例子在我周围，实在是罄竹难书。我小学最好的一个朋友，五年级时写一篇作文居然就写了十一张作业纸，升中学考试全县第一、考了299分。聪颖无比，前途无量，不过到紫阳元年初中二年级时，就在家长和学校的双重压力下精神失常，而中途缀学。他的悲剧在于，在此之前，因为他的功课太好，因为他一直是教育体制中的既得利益者，所以他还没有来得及怀疑，还没有来得及做第一次弊，就被毁去了。
因为作弊，是一种自我保护。是为了避免更大的伤害而自愿接受的代价。是少数人躲过枪林弹雨、借此顺利通过十余年暗无天日的教育隧道的途径。而且在大多数时候，如果你已经不想把自己完全出卖给教育者，那就甚至是唯一的途径。
在小学四五年级，我们几乎每学期都要参加县上的各种大会典礼。因为领导们每年都要开许多重要的会议，我们定制盛装、反复彩排，背诵赞歌，然后在那些个重要的节日里走上街头游行，或者向大会献词。我那个最好的朋友雷宏，就是每一回都走在队列最前面的那个孩子，或者站在舞台中央向领导们高声朗诵的少先队大队长。由于单纯和虚荣心，雷宏每一回情绪饱满地朗诵着那些每一句后面都有一个"啊"字的颂词时，我埋没在后面的行列里，已经开始学会了作弊。当我发现站在队列里的好处是可以只张嘴不开腔，我就不再羡慕雷宏了。我从一个三好学生开始成为了一个校园中的作弊者。
其实更早的时候，当我还是一个完全无民事行为能力人（十周岁以下），在少先队的宣誓仪式上跟着大队辅导员龙老师一字一句地念："时刻准备着，为共产主义事业而奋斗"。作弊就已经拉开了序幕。因为即使在能够理解这句话的年龄，从加入少年先锋队开始，一直到今年我年满二十八岁正式退出共产主义青年团，没有一天曾经把这句话当过真。我所认识的每一个同学朋友，也没有任何一个人把这句话当过真的。但是真正的作弊者不是我，而是龙老师。因为我是无辜的，我在无法理解这句话的时候被裤衩一般的红领巾诱惑了。刑法上有规定，凡是和十四岁以下的未成年人发生性关系，无论未成年人是否同意，都属于强奸。这个道理我觉得完全可以适用于上述场合。当大队辅导员龙老师带领不明真相的我们进行一生中的第一次庄严宣誓时，他就是一个不折不扣的作弊者。而且进而，他也是一个粗暴的强奸者。是他拿走了我精神上的童贞。
在那之后，你的漫长的一生，已经不再有真正的誓言。
相比之下，考试时的作弊反而是次要的。由于我的成绩也挺好，高中以前尚未在考试时作过弊。后来成绩下滑，就开始自甘堕落。然而对以后的人生更显重要的作弊，始终是在考场以外。初中二年级，也就是雷宏退学之后，由于蜀中无大将，廖化作先锋，我就被某些老师盯上了。一个唤做姚远富的语文老师，从来没有教过我们。但他的一场规模宏大的公开课选在了我们班上。上课之前一周，几个成绩好的良民包括我被拣选出来。姚老师问了我一个问题，要我作答。答了之后他不满意。经过几番近乎全裸的提示，姚老师最后将标准的答案说了出来。姚老师深谋远虑，对我说：你可以就按照你自己开始的理解回答，经过老师提示和同学讨论之后，你再按照我刚才说的来答。
果然效果极佳。这一场作弊，同时满足了姚远富和王怡的虚荣心。我既已失身，从此被教育者拖下了水。在高中成绩下降之前，继续伙同一些老师作案数次。这一段经历后来想起，觉得屈辱无比。感觉就像是一场成年人对于儿童的轮流鸡奸。并且发现，成绩不要太好，其实也是一种自我保护。
不敢反抗教育者，不敢在老师面前说谎话，是一个学生最大的悲哀。奴性的养成，在一个以培养奴隶和良民为目的的教育体制下，在一个意识形态全面掌控的局面中，作弊，几乎是唯一的拨乱反正，是在可以做爱之前一种最重要的能力。尽管由每一个有着作弊前科的学生所构成的社会，是一个充斥着作弊者和腐败者的社会。但我宁愿把这样一个社会看作是对于威权和领袖的藐视和销解。一个作弊者的社会，比起一个奴隶的社会已经好上许多倍。
不能说真话的时候，至少我们可以选择不说假话。然而在教育者的命令下，往往连不说话的自由也没有。被迫说假话，使说话者在教育者面前丧失了最后的一点尊严。紫阳二年我读初中三年级，整整一年，没有写过一篇作文。当时的语文老师姓郭，我们叫她郭老太婆。她每周布置一篇作文，那些题目已经让我开始倒胃口了。我不想写，就不写。接连五次没有交作业，第六次的题目叫做《记劳动节的一件好事》。我交了一篇《我为什么不写作文》上去，批评了郭老太婆的命题。我这么做是有本钱的，因为父亲在本校教高中，是语文权威，本校的教师子女在学校里是一大派，有点像社会上的高干子女。由于有人际关系的牵扯，一般的老师都轻易不会得罪其他老师的子女。加上我自己语文成绩好，初一时的作文就在绵阳市得过中学生作文比赛中初中组的第一名。郭老太婆又是快退休的。所以她从那以后就对我不再理会，当我不存在。上课也不提我的问，更不去我父亲那里告状。但是到了初中毕业会试，我终于尝到苦果。由于一直不说话，说话的能力也就退化了，我自恃作文写得好，一年不写不练，已经失去了方向感。中考的作文题目记不得了，但和郭老太婆的命题差球不多。我最后决定在这样一个重要关头放弃自我，不敢冒险。按照父亲教导的灵丹妙药，所谓"总-分-总"的万能模式，编排了一个蹩脚故事。结果作文得分极低，一塌糊涂。到现在，编故事写记叙文都是我文字上最大的弱项。
到了1989年，这一年的作弊是铺天盖地的。上半年我在历史考试中第一次作弊。历史是我喜欢的科目，但历史课的问答题和政治课一样最卑鄙无耻。我不愿意将那些句子化时间背下，我宁愿选择作弊，如果是照本宣科的抄，感觉上要快乐得多。不经过大脑，也是一种自我保护的手段。有些话说着说着，就要毒发身亡，就要搞不拎清是自己的想法还是教育者的想法。那些将政治课本背的滚瓜烂熟的良民们，即使他们内心是如何的排斥和瞧不起那些东西，然而多年之后，却不得不发现，意识形态已经深入灵魂，播下了精子，构成了精神背景当中一生也无法抹去的桌面主题。许多年之后一次同学聚会上，一位朋友告诉我，现在才感觉到中学的政治课对自己的影响有多么大。其实这种影响看一看由精英们组成的所谓大专辩论赛就知道了，我们的大学生们除了口齿伶俐以外一无是处。能够拿出来支持论辩的理论和精神背景，永远逃不脱中学政治课提及的概念。对比台湾的一些大学生选手，精神与思想视野，简直无法相提并论。
最大的作弊还是来自教育者。上半年的腥风血雨一旦散去，所有的教育者开始合谋为一个时代作伪证。一个十七岁少年的判断力，几乎全部丧失。一遍遍的在政治课、语文课，在时事政治的考试中背诵领袖的讲话，构成了我们这一代人几乎全部的精神成长。除非，你是一个作弊者。
在一个伯父的家中，我有幸和父亲一起听到了当时四川省委书记杨汝岱的讲话录音。录音是关于传达中共中央对赵紫阳的处理和揭批。杨某人穷凶极恶，口不择言，对赵紫阳的攻击令人齿冷。杨汝岱者，一乡干部耳。赵紫阳任四川省委书记时，杨某时任某县委书记。一次得知赵书记要过境，不做停留。此人在必经之路拦路作弊，挽起裤脚，在路边的稻田里和老乡亲切交谈，一举得到赵的看重，从此步步高升。
这段典故在四川有多种版本流传。1989年四五月份，风声不对、火烧眉毛。杨某人作为四川最高官员，居然借故视察水灾，离开成都去边远县分避此风头。直到大势已定方才回来。作为赵紫阳一系的省级官员，杨某唯恐表态不及，摆出一副痛打落水狗的大阵仗，不惜污言秽语揭人老底。等到年底大换血，杨汝岱功成身退，离开四川赴全国政协副主席的位置养老。我当年专门看了报纸上杨的简介，上面写着：文化程度，相当于高中。
在我十七岁的时候，四川省一亿人的最高行政官员，以他卑劣的作弊行径，让我对教育者高声诵读的大部分价值心如死灰。
准备高考，对于在教育者面前作弊已经习以为常的我而言，是一个凤凰涅槃的过程。接受高考的洗礼，就是接受意识形态的洗礼。一个文科学生一遍遍背进大脑里去的东西，至少有三分之一是大粪。如果你不能在政治、历史和语文课上考到平均八十分，基本上是不可能读大学的。而如果你真的在这三课上考到了平均八十分，你的未来还有什么真正的希望？你还有多少的机会可以清空回收站，可以对自己进行碎片整理。绝大多数的人终其一生，也再不能将那些精神深处的大粪打整干净了。从十二年的中小学教育中挣脱出来，我们几乎没有一个人，没有一个人是清白的。
所以大学对于我和许多同龄人的重要性，首先意味着一场大扫除的可能。我在大一读完了范文澜的《中国通史》，和记不清谁写的一部《中国文化史》，基本上剔除了中学历史课的糟粕。接下来看剑桥中国史，整个人这才完全不一样了。大二读现代诗歌比较多，从戴望舒到台湾诗歌，再和八十年代的当代诗歌迎面相遇。把高中语文课本忘得干干净净。卢梭、尼采、萨特、韦伯和弗洛伊德，这些在中学闻所未闻的名字将我簇拥。后来在大学最后一年接触到自由主义，感到所有的代价终于开始赢得了回报。相比之下那些教科书又算得什么。所以大学里的作弊实在是家常便饭。四年间，绝大多数的课程，我听了一两回后，就不再去。我的大学是旷课旷出来的。
理科生不同。一个文科生又不作弊、又不旷课，即便考研，读到博士，也是毫无前途。除非他是因为遇上了一个真正的好老师，方才这般老实。不过这对于绝大多数学生的漫长生涯来说，是一种罕见的奢侈。我就没有这样的福气。
所以我那些一生中比童年更加美好的日子。每一天的方式都是类似的。上午九、十点钟起床，吃完饭，生活便从中午太阳最高的时候开始。或者是去图书馆泡着，或者是和一个写诗的朋友石东生带一本书、一副棋，骑车去锦江边的滨江茶园喝茶。到了六七点钟回来，晚上从不上自习，因为有节目。节目就是看镭射电影。感谢那些伟大的盗版者，让我在四年大学期间看了一千一百余部电影。其中七成是美国片，三成香港片，剩下的占一成。那些在小县城里看不到的电影，每一部都会让一个中学政治老师含恨而死。
夜里回到寝室，有人就打双扣，没人就点蜡烛看书（最痛恨大学的按时熄灯制度）。如果是夏天，需要反复到水房冲凉，就干脆偷跑出去喝啤酒。那样的生活，是一个中学生无法奢望的。无法奢望一个人可以如此的远离教育者的目光。有一次我起床比较早，兴致勃勃地去图书馆。在路上遇上辅导员石静。她问我：怎么没有上课吗？我信口雌黄地说：今天老师没来。从此以后我在校园里遇见她大约又有四五次，每一回我装着没看见，她也装着没看见我。在我心中，那是四川大学所能够给予我的最美好的几个瞬间。
我的许多的学分是作弊挣来的。大三大四两年的体育课测验表，全都是自己填上去的。除了大一傻乎乎的，以后也再没有出过早操。所以虽然读过大学，我始终认为自己属于自学成才。在这一切将要划上句号时，大四几乎一年时间的实习期，使作弊下的成长达到了高潮。
我在一家公有制的法院当书记员。强调公有制是因为所有法官都把他们的院长叫做"老板"。开始不习惯，但作弊作惯了的人适应性强。那一年是我们寝室最为奢侈的日子。整整一年每个人抽的烟都是红塔山。每一天都有人有饭局，所以双扣打得少了。有一次和法官去金堂县办案，回来时我带回了一条塔山，一个二百元的红包，还有一大筐金堂最著名的橘子。个个都有碗口大，空前绝后，我再也没有见过那么大的橘子了。
马晓平在毕业三年之后告诉我，实习期间他收过当事人最多一次八百元现金。我比他清廉，因为实习三个月之后我的老毛病一犯，就扔下手里的活路，再也没有去上过一天班。也就是那次去金堂，一个姓郑的法官在我面前丢人现眼，又吃又拿，晚上耍混要小姐陪。同去的我和一个女法官站在旁边，恨不能当场钻下地去。那是我事隔多年之后，再次又有了一种被鸡奸的感觉。回来不久，一个当事人说庭长收了他的钱，在办公室闹事，打翻了女庭长的水杯。这个乡下人被司法拘留十五日。两天后我和别人一起去拘留所问他要不要申请复议，他已经被吓坏了。他的表情让我想起了我童年的的好朋友雷宏。回到法院，庭长要我写一份当天（闹事时我在场）的证明材料。从第二天起，我就恢复了睡懒觉的习惯，不再去上班。
后来女庭长让我的同学带话，说我不去上班，到时候不会给我写实习鉴定。这种话吓不倒作弊者，我心中早有打算，根本不去理会她。
实习结束前，我自己写好了鉴定。然后去那家法院，直接上五楼办公室，把该盖的章都给盖了。以前所有文件，包括判决书都是我拿上去盖章的，所以人家连问都没有问一声。这个最大的一次作弊，反而作的最稀松。后来看见新闻说，有一家地方法院居然搞出假离婚判决书来。我想有什么稀奇，我一个实习生，当时要是自己打一份，一样也是把人民法院的大红章给盖了。
办完了这件事，我为了一个在重庆读书的朋友能够分配到成都，通过母亲的关系去给一家学校的校长和主管局的人事处长行贿。这次的作弊被那位有着真才实学的朋友看作永远也不愿提及的耻辱。干完之后，我对自己说：还是到学校去教书吧。因为我实在不想再作弊了。
高考时我听进去父亲的话，打死也不填报师范院校。没想到结果最后还是充当了道貌岸然的教育者。五年来，我自知育人不够，但始终记得父亲的话，以不能毁人为宗旨。我现在做的事情，就是在大学校园里，希望帮助每一位杀出重围的中学生进行碎片整理。告诉他们那些曾经被毁掉或者从未在心中生根的价值。并在心中坚持，终其一生，和教育者留下的大粪为敌。
写到这里，我回头听见电视上的新闻，成都的中学生还在举行"生在红旗下"的迎七一作文比赛，评委是老诗人流沙河。我知道自己肩上的担子仍然像太行王屋一样沉重。
但我始终充满信心。从一个作弊者到一个教育者，我通过自己的努力证明了一件事。就是生在大粪中，你依然可以开出鲜花。
一朵并不好看，但是学会了思想的花。
即使在某些人眼中，你并不是花，而是一株毒草。
王怡/2001-06-12于包家巷
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索引/目录
1._一个互联网网站需要包含的东西
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4.1_网站设计技术
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修订
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网站外部环境应该包括以下内容（大概是这样的）：
网站服务器：
服务器是提供网站服务的基本部件之一，主要负责将网站的数据发送给浏览者的浏览器（电脑）。最开始的服务器功能简单，只是将资料根据浏览请求发送给指定的浏览器（电脑），目前随着应用的增加和计算机技术的发展，服务器已经开始承担起一些业务处理，通过对企业和/或必要数据的处理之后再发送给浏览者，通过综合应用，可以让浏览者在本来没办法实现的应用通过浏览器/服务器（B/S）结构得到解决。
简单的说，目前一些公司已经开始应用的网上OA系统，就是典型的例子，随之的还有ERP，CRM等。大多数内容都要归功于服务器的处理能力和数据集中存储带来的好处。
目前由于个人网站和一些小企业网站的访问量，以及应用范围有限，大多使用虚拟主机来代替整台或多台服务器实现自己的网站。
概念
虚拟主机：是在一台服务器上，通过相应的软件来模拟多个服务器的效果，也就是通过不同的域名访问相同的服务器，而获取的内容是对应域名的。根据流量不同情况下，一台服务器可以承载数10个网站，甚至上千个之多。
目前国内著名的虚拟主机提供商有 www.51.net 虎翼网 等。
注册的域名以及域名的解析权
一个企业网站，一般都将自己的名称或商标，注册成域名来使用，或者根据自己的产品等，而个人大多使用自己的名字来注册，这样很有利于记忆。为了方便使用，一些公司还使用了缩写，让域名变得更短，更容易记忆。
典型的例子： sourceforge.net 网站为了大家方便使用，又注册了 sf.net，这样每次敲网址的时候，就不需要敲那么多字母了。
注册域名后，一般就已经拥有了该域名的解析权，相应的注册机构一般都提供域名注册年限内的解析服务。我们的网站都是经过解析后，访问者才根据解析结果访问到我们的服务器的。
服务器的网络接入
这个问题是只有自己拥有服务器的时候才需要考虑的，如果租用虚拟主机，是不需要考虑的，因为虚拟主机已经包含了网络接入，否则怎么提供服务器的访问服务呢。
网站的网络接入目前大多采用托管的办法，就是把自己的服务器放置到IDC（数据存储服务提供商），她们往往拥有较快速的网络接入和稳定的电源管理，机房的温度也是可以保障的。
除上面三部分外，就是网站（程序）的设计和网站的使用（推广）了。
注册一个好的域名，是做一个成功的网站的关键问题之一。拥有了一个好的域名将有助于网站后期的很多事情。
一个简单容易记忆又与主题密切相关的域名，将更利于推广和让访问者记住你的网站，这样她们会更容易的再次访问你的网站而不是去搜索引擎狂搜一气，即使去搜索，一个好的域名将有助于你的网站在众多搜索结果中，排列在前面。
对话：是的，就跟进163是一样的道理。
好的服务商，除了价格因素外，应该保证服务的稳定性和易用性，国内拥有独立注册资格的服务商有InterNIC，BIZcn，ChinaDNS。
确定了域名之后呢，我们需要的是一个优秀的服务器，可以提供稳定的web服务，在别人输入这个域名后，可以迅速打开我们的网站，提供高速访问，是网站可以留住人的很重要一个指标。
对话：试想，你会访问一个3分钟还没有打开的网站么？
不会。
目前虚拟主机提供商也很多，价格也有较大差异。选择运行时间久，在国内有知名度和好的评价的主机提供商往往比主机价格本身更重要些。
这是本文的重点部分。 但是有个问题需要澄清，这里讲的是如何去设计一个网站，但是并不是去教你如何去用某个软件。如果希望学习某个软件如何去使用，建议在网上搜索该软件的相关教程，也可以去购买相关的书籍来学习该软件。
基础问题解决之后，就是内容设计和网站设计了，这里的网站设计是狭义的，主要是只通过一种形式把网站要展示的内容容易的展现在访问者的眼前，让访问者可以迅速或者自己需要的知识、资料等内容，就算是一个设计比较优秀的网页了。
比如你要搜索一个驱动程序，那么除了要网站包含全面的资料外，更重要的是怎么在成千上万的驱动程序中，找到你需要的驱动，那么如果网站设计中做到了只需要1步就很容易找到你需要的驱动，那么我想你也会认同这个网站，人为她设计的很棒，对么。
目前恰恰很多网站的设计人员仍然没有意识到网站设计的真正重点在哪，总是加了很多的音乐和图片，以及大量的其他不相关的连接和内容。
对话：我觉得我会的只是打字聊天，那些东西对我来竟好难好遥远，不过,我会试着去尝试的。
哈，你说了不会打退堂鼓的。
呵呵，跟你开个玩笑的了。
别的都不重要，重要的是你能坚持下去，知难而进。
设计一个网页目前有很多技术来支持，可以用微软的Frontpage，还有Macromedia公司的 Dreamweaver等。如果熟练掌握HTML（超文本）语言之后，还可以直接利用任何一个 文本编辑器来写一个网页。
目前建议使用微软Office提供的Frontpage 2003来设计一个网站，他可以很好的设计一个个人和小企业的（展示性）网站应用。
关于Frontpage 2002的使用，请察看 Frontpage 2002 教程 (其他网站提供)。
除了上述的简单做法之外，为了实现企业级的网站应用还有很多技术供使用：Microsoft 公司提供的 ASP 技术， 最新推出的DotNet技术（包含C#和VB.net等），Macromedia公司推出的CFM技术，PHP.net， 以及使用java语言的jsp等。
如果使用了asp和php之类的技术（也包括其他技术），可以使用模板技术和适当的使用包含（include）技术。合理的设计可以给网站日后的维护带来极大的方便性。
设计一个网站需要让访问者可以很方便的获得需要的资料，那么以一个IT硬件产品的公司作为蓝本，来说明如何去设计一个网站。
4.3.1 首先确定网站需要涉及的内容，并为这些内容做好准备
公司的基本资料，这是公司要求展示的内容，也是证明和展示公司实力的地方之一。以及其他的产品图片和资料。图片内容应尽可能清晰，最好选用DC进行拍摄的数码照片，因为扫描照片往往失真较严重。
当然，如果是个人网站需要进行求职等，一份好的介绍内容，也将给你的求职带来很大的方便。
4.3.2 接下来是作为一个服务性网站的最重要部分－－展示你的产品并提供相关服务
不要吝啬时间和力气，各种信息完善的产品展示页面，将给你的客户/代理商等留下深刻的印象。配合相应的产品介绍页面，应该连接到相应产品的服务界面。比如一个摄像头的专业介绍网页，应连接到该摄像头产品的驱动程序下载页面，以及该摄像头常见问题的解答页面。还应该连接到一个可以在线询问和解决问题的在线反馈系统上。这就是下一个部分要解决的内容。
4.3.3 容易的反馈系统
如果用户电话等联系不是很迫切的时候，方便的网上咨询，将给访者和公司都带来很大的方便。设计有效的FAQ列表加上方便的网上反馈系统，是很有效的一种与访者沟通的方式。
网页的内容不一定要大量的图片，而展示部分的图片应尽量清晰，明了，尽可能少的后期修饰。
4.3.4 完善的导航条
作为一个网站来说，易用性是非常重要的一个衡量指标，而大多数注重的美观其实是最普通的一个指标。
网站中，使用的是HTML技术，翻译后叫做"超文本语言"，实际上是把声音，图片，文字等结合起来展示的一种技术。而更重要的是一种整合，和她的可连接性。完善的连接将让用户方便的跳转在众多资料当中。
每个页面都应该包含至少一个返回首页的连接，也可以包含一个到上一页的连接。一个友好的网站页面，还应该包含相关网页的连接，这样可以更有效的得到相关的知识。
目前依旧有很多网页只是单向连接，即点击后，显示内容，没有返回连接和到其他网页的连接。这样做是不合适的。
设计好的网站除了自己去告诉别人之外，更重要的是应该去通过网络上的方法去宣传你的网站，以便访问者可以通过搜索等手段来知道你的网站的存在。
那么涉及的问题就是网站的推广，除了花巨资通过媒体广告之外，还可以通过免费登录到一些搜索引擎，跟同类网站交换连接的办法来达到宣传的目的。
注意，这里提及的是跟同类网站进行交换连接，因为这样更有利于垂直访问，因为只有关心你这类（内容）的访问者才会更关心你网站上的内容。
网站设计好了之后，不是一劳永逸，还需要适当的维护和更新。比如设计的是歌曲网站，当我们希望推荐的新歌或新的专集推出后，就需要针对其推出新的内容，以便访问者再次来到我们的网站后，可以获得其需要的内容（歌曲）。
首先你要知道，你做的网站内容是否受欢迎，因为别人看网站不是为了看你网站上是否有图片，是否有标点符号，更重要的是可以获得访者本身需要的内容和资料。
所以，假设你的网站要做一个个人音乐类网站，那么就要想她们需要什么。比如很容易找到自己喜欢的歌，或者看到你推荐的歌相关的很详细的内容，以及试听。
更人性化的内容可以是提供一个交互的空间，访者对你这个歌的相关信息有什么疑问或者建议，可以发给你，然后酌情进行相应的处理，那么这是让你网站受欢迎的另外一个方法。
对话：哦,我想要搞个网站不难,难的是这样才能让他受欢迎。
是的，非常棒，你说的很对。所以我们下一步将推出新的研究主题，就是如何设计一个受人欢迎/容易使用的网站。
最后更新：2005年01月17日 19:54
版权声明：使用创作公用版权协议
引用地址：<a href="http://oo8h.51.net/docs/initiate_website.htm">如何创建一个网站 (HOW TO: Initiate a website)</a>
正则表达式(regular expression)
前言
正则表达式是烦琐的，但是强大的，学会之后的应用会让你除了提高效率外，会给你带来绝对的成就感。只要认真去阅读这些资料，加上应用的时候进行一定的参考，掌握正则表达式不是问题。
索引
1._引子
2._正则表达式的历史
3._正则表达式定义
3.1_普通字符
3.2_非打印字符
3.3_特殊字符
3.4_限定符
3.5_定位符
3.6_选择
3.7_后向引用
4._各种操作符的运算优先级
5._全部符号解释
6._部分例子
7._正则表达式匹配规则
7.1_基本模式匹配
7.2_字符簇
7.3_确定重复出现
目前，正则表达式已经在很多软件中得到广泛的应用，包括*nix（Linux, Unix等），HP等操作系统，PHP，C#，Java等开发环境，以及很多的应用软件中，都可以看到正则表达式的影子。
正则表达式的使用，可以通过简单的办法来实现强大的功能。为了简单有效而又不失强大，造成了正则表达式代码的难度较大，学习起来也不是很容易，所以需要付出一些努力才行，入门之后参照一定的参考，使用起来还是比较简单有效的。
例子： ^.+@.+\\..+$
这样的代码曾经多次把我自己给吓退过。可能很多人也是被这样的代码给吓跑的吧。继续阅读本文将让你也可以自由应用这样的代码。
注意：这里的第7部分跟前面的内容看起来似乎有些重复，目的是把前面表格里的部分重新描述了一次，目的是让这些内容更容易理解。
正则表达式的"祖先"可以一直上溯至对人类神经系统如何工作的早期研究。Warren McCulloch 和 Walter Pitts 这两位神经生理学家研究出一种数学方式来描述这些神经网络。
1956 年, 一位叫 Stephen Kleene 的数学家在 McCulloch 和 Pitts 早期工作的基础上，发表了一篇标题为"神经网事件的表示法"的论文，引入了正则表达式的概念。正则表达式就是用来描述他称为"正则集的代数"的表达式，因此采用"正则表达式"这个术语。
随后，发现可以将这一工作应用于使用 Ken Thompson 的计算搜索算法的一些早期研究，Ken Thompson 是 Unix 的主要发明人。正则表达式的第一个实用应用程序就是 Unix 中的 qed 编辑器。
如他们所说，剩下的就是众所周知的历史了。从那时起直至现在正则表达式都是基于文本的编辑器和搜索工具中的一个重要部分。
正则表达式(regular expression)描述了一种字符串匹配的模式，可以用来检查一个串是否含有某种子串、将匹配的子串做替换或者从某个串中取出符合某个条件的子串等。
- 列目录时， dir *.txt或ls *.txt中的*.txt就不是一个正则表达式,因为这里*与正则式的*的含义是不同的。
正则表达式是由普通字符（例如字符 a 到 z）以及特殊字符（称为元字符）组成的文字模式。正则表达式作为一个模板，将某个字符模式与所搜索的字符串进行匹配。
由所有那些未显式指定为元字符的打印和非打印字符组成。这包括所有的大写和小写字母字符，所有数字，所有标点符号以及一些符号。
| 字符 | 含义 |
| \cx | 匹配由x指明的控制字符。例如， \cM 匹配一个 Control-M 或回车符。x 的值必须为 A-Z 或 a-z 之一。否则，将 c 视为一个原义的 'c' 字符。 |
| \f | 匹配一个换页符。等价于 \x0c 和 \cL。 |
| \n | 匹配一个换行符。等价于 \x0a 和 \cJ。 |
| \r | 匹配一个回车符。等价于 \x0d 和 \cM。 |
| \s | 匹配任何空白字符，包括空格、制表符、换页符等等。等价于 [ \f\n\r\t\v]。 |
| \S | 匹配任何非空白字符。等价于 [^ \f\n\r\t\v]。 |
| \t | 匹配一个制表符。等价于 \x09 和 \cI。 |
| \v | 匹配一个垂直制表符。等价于 \x0b 和 \cK。 |
所谓特殊字符，就是一些有特殊含义的字符，如上面说的"*.txt"中的*，简单的说就是表示任何字符串的意思。如果要查找文件名中有＊的文件，则需要对＊进行转义，即在其前加一个\。ls \*.txt。正则表达式有以下特殊字符。
| 特别字符 | 说明 |
| $ | 匹配输入字符串的结尾位置。如果设置了 RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性，则 $ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r'。要匹配 $ 字符本身，请使用 \$。 |
| ( ) | 标记一个子表达式的开始和结束位置。子表达式可以获取供以后使用。要匹配这些字符，请使用 \( 和 \)。 |
| * | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或多次。要匹配 * 字符，请使用 \*。 |
| + | 匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。要匹配 + 字符，请使用 \+。 |
| . | 匹配除换行符 \n之外的任何单字符。要匹配 .，请使用 \。 |
| [ | 标记一个中括号表达式的开始。要匹配 [，请使用 \[。 |
| ? | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或一次，或指明一个非贪婪限定符。要匹配 ? 字符，请使用 \?。 |
| \ | 将下一个字符标记为或特殊字符、或原义字符、或向后引用、或八进制转义符。例如， 'n' 匹配字符 'n'。'\n' 匹配换行符。序列 '\\' 匹配 "\"，而 '\(' 则匹配 "("。 |
| ^ | 匹配输入字符串的开始位置，除非在方括号表达式中使用，此时它表示不接受该字符集合。要匹配 ^ 字符本身，请使用 \^。 |
| { | 标记限定符表达式的开始。要匹配 {，请使用 \{。 |
| | | 指明两项之间的一个选择。要匹配 |，请使用 \|。 |
- 构造正则表达式的方法和创建数学表达式的方法一样。也就是用多种元字符与操作符将小的表达式结合在一起来创建更大的表达式。正则表达式的组件可以是单个的字符、字符集合、字符范围、字符间的选择或者所有这些组件的任意组合。
限定符用来指定正则表达式的一个给定组件必须要出现多少次才能满足匹配。有*或+或?或{n}或{n,}或{n,m}共6种。
*、+和?限定符都是贪婪的，因为它们会尽可能多的匹配文字，只有在它们的后面加上一个?就可以实现非贪婪或最小匹配。
正则表达式的限定符有：
| 字符 | 描述 |
| * | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或多次。例如，zo* 能匹配 "z" 以及 "zoo"。* 等价于{0,}。 |
| + | 匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。例如，'zo+' 能匹配 "zo" 以及 "zoo"，但不能匹配 "z"。+ 等价于 {1,}。 |
| ? | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或一次。例如，"do(es)?" 可以匹配 "do" 或 "does" 中的"do" 。? 等价于 {0,1}。 |
| {n} | n 是一个非负整数。匹配确定的 n 次。例如，'o{2}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o'，但是能匹配 "food" 中的两个 o。 |
| {n,} | n 是一个非负整数。至少匹配n 次。例如，'o{2,}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o'，但能匹配 "foooood" 中的所有 o。'o{1,}' 等价于 'o+'。'o{0,}' 则等价于 'o*'。 |
| {n,m} | m 和 n 均为非负整数，其中n <= m。最少匹配 n 次且最多匹配 m 次。例如，"o{1,3}" 将匹配 "fooooood" 中的前三个 o。'o{0,1}' 等价于 'o?'。请注意在逗号和两个数之间不能有空格。 |
用来描述字符串或单词的边界，^和$分别指字符串的开始与结束，\b描述单词的前或后边界，\B表示非单词边界。
不能对定位符使用限定符。 用圆括号将所有选择项括起来，相邻的选择项之间用|分隔。但用圆括号会有一个副作用，是相关的匹配会被缓存，此时可用?:放在第一个选项前来消除这种副作用。
其中?:是非捕获元之一，还有两个非捕获元是?=和?!，这两个还有更多的含义，前者为正向预查，在任何开始匹配圆括号内的正则表达式模式的位置来匹配搜索字符串，后者为负向预查，在任何开始不匹配该正则表达式模式的位置来匹配搜索字符串。
对一个正则表达式模式或部分模式两边添加圆括号将导致相关匹配存储到一个临时缓冲区中，所捕获的每个子匹配都按照在正则表达式模式中从左至右所遇到的内容存储。存储子匹配的缓冲区编号从 1 开始，连续编号直至最大 99 个子表达式。每个缓冲区都可以使用 '\n' 访问，其中 n 为一个标识特定缓冲区的一位或两位十进制数。
可以使用非捕获元字符 '?:', '?=', or '?!' 来忽略对相关匹配的保存。
相同优先级的从左到右进行运算，不同优先级的运算先高后低。各种操作符的优先级从高到低如下：
| 操作符 | 描述 |
| \ | 转义符 |
| (), (?:), (?=), [] | 圆括号和方括号 |
| *, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m} | 限定符 |
| ^, $, \anymetacharacter | 位置和顺序 |
| | | "或"操作 |
| 字符 | 描述 |
| \ | 将下一个字符标记为一个特殊字符、或一个原义字符、或一个 向后引用、或一个八进制转义符。例如，'n' 匹配字符 "n"。'\n' 匹配一个换行符。序列 '\\' 匹配 "\" 而 "\(" 则匹配 "("。 |
| ^ | 匹配输入字符串的开始位置。如果设置了 RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性，^ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r' 之后的位置。 |
| $ | 匹配输入字符串的结束位置。如果设置了RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性，$ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r' 之前的位置。 |
| * | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或多次。例如，zo* 能匹配 "z" 以及 "zoo"。* 等价于{0,}。 |
| + | 匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。例如，'zo+' 能匹配 "zo" 以及 "zoo"，但不能匹配 "z"。+ 等价于 {1,}。 |
| ? | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或一次。例如，"do(es)?" 可以匹配 "do" 或 "does" 中的"do" 。? 等价于 {0,1}。 |
| {n} | n 是一个非负整数。匹配确定的 n 次。例如，'o{2}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o'，但是能匹配 "food" 中的两个 o。 |
| {n,} | n 是一个非负整数。至少匹配n 次。例如，'o{2,}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o'，但能匹配 "foooood" 中的所有 o。'o{1,}' 等价于 'o+'。'o{0,}' 则等价于 'o*'。 |
| {n,m} | m 和 n 均为非负整数，其中n <= m。最少匹配 n 次且最多匹配 m 次。例如，"o{1,3}" 将匹配 "fooooood" 中的前三个 o。'o{0,1}' 等价于 'o?'。请注意在逗号和两个数之间不能有空格。 |
| ? | 当该字符紧跟在任何一个其他限制符 (*, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m}) 后面时，匹配模式是非贪婪的。非贪婪模式尽可能少的匹配所搜索的字符串，而默认的贪婪模式则尽可能多的匹配所搜索的字符串。例如，对于字符串 "oooo"，'o+?' 将匹配单个 "o"，而 'o+' 将匹配所有 'o'。 |
| . | 匹配除 "\n" 之外的任何单个字符。要匹配包括 '\n' 在内的任何字符，请使用象 '[.\n]' 的模式。 |
| (pattern) | 匹配 pattern 并获取这一匹配。所获取的匹配可以从产生的 Matches 集合得到，在VBScript 中使用 SubMatches 集合，在JScript 中则使用 $0…$9 属性。要匹配圆括号字符，请使用 '\(' 或 '\)'。 |
| (?:pattern) | 匹配 pattern 但不获取匹配结果，也就是说这是一个非获取匹配，不进行存储供以后使用。这在使用 "或" 字符 (|) 来组合一个模式的各个部分是很有用。例如， 'industr(?:y|ies) 就是一个比 'industry|industries' 更简略的表达式。 |
| (?=pattern) | 正向预查，在任何匹配 pattern 的字符串开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个非获取匹配，也就是说，该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。例如，'Windows (?=95|98|NT|2000)' 能匹配 "Windows 2000" 中的 "Windows" ，但不能匹配 "Windows 3.1" 中的 "Windows"。预查不消耗字符，也就是说，在一个匹配发生后，在最后一次匹配之后立即开始下一次匹配的搜索，而不是从包含预查的字符之后开始。 |
| (?!pattern) | 负向预查，在任何不匹配 pattern 的字符串开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个非获取匹配，也就是说，该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。例如'Windows (?!95|98|NT|2000)' 能匹配 "Windows 3.1" 中的 "Windows"，但不能匹配 "Windows 2000" 中的 "Windows"。预查不消耗字符，也就是说，在一个匹配发生后，在最后一次匹配之后立即开始下一次匹配的搜索，而不是从包含预查的字符之后开始 |
| x|y | 匹配 x 或 y。例如，'z|food' 能匹配 "z" 或 "food"。'(z|f)ood' 则匹配 "zood" 或 "food"。 |
| [xyz] | 字符集合。匹配所包含的任意一个字符。例如， '[abc]' 可以匹配 "plain" 中的 'a'。 |
| [^xyz] | 负值字符集合。匹配未包含的任意字符。例如， '[^abc]' 可以匹配 "plain" 中的'p'。 |
| [a-z] | 字符范围。匹配指定范围内的任意字符。例如，'[a-z]' 可以匹配 'a' 到 'z' 范围内的任意小写字母字符。 |
| [^a-z] | 负值字符范围。匹配任何不在指定范围内的任意字符。例如，'[^a-z]' 可以匹配任何不在 'a' 到 'z' 范围内的任意字符。 |
| \b | 匹配一个单词边界，也就是指单词和空格间的位置。例如， 'er\b' 可以匹配"never" 中的 'er'，但不能匹配 "verb" 中的 'er'。 |
| \B | 匹配非单词边界。'er\B' 能匹配 "verb" 中的 'er'，但不能匹配 "never" 中的 'er'。 |
| \cx | 匹配由 x 指明的控制字符。例如， \cM 匹配一个 Control-M 或回车符。x 的值必须为 A-Z 或 a-z 之一。否则，将 c 视为一个原义的 'c' 字符。 |
| \d | 匹配一个数字字符。等价于 [0-9]。 |
| \D | 匹配一个非数字字符。等价于 [^0-9]。 |
| \f | 匹配一个换页符。等价于 \x0c 和 \cL。 |
| \n | 匹配一个换行符。等价于 \x0a 和 \cJ。 |
| \r | 匹配一个回车符。等价于 \x0d 和 \cM。 |
| \s | 匹配任何空白字符，包括空格、制表符、换页符等等。等价于 [ \f\n\r\t\v]。 |
| \S | 匹配任何非空白字符。等价于 [^ \f\n\r\t\v]。 |
| \t | 匹配一个制表符。等价于 \x09 和 \cI。 |
| \v | 匹配一个垂直制表符。等价于 \x0b 和 \cK。 |
| \w | 匹配包括下划线的任何单词字符。等价于'[A-Za-z0-9_]'。 |
| \W | 匹配任何非单词字符。等价于 '[^A-Za-z0-9_]'。 |
| \xn | 匹配 n，其中 n 为十六进制转义值。十六进制转义值必须为确定的两个数字长。例如，'\x41' 匹配 "A"。'\x041' 则等价于 '\x04' & "1"。正则表达式中可以使用 ASCII 编码。. |
| \num | 匹配 num，其中 num 是一个正整数。对所获取的匹配的引用。例如，'(.)\1' 匹配两个连续的相同字符。 |
| \n | 标识一个八进制转义值或一个向后引用。如果 \n 之前至少 n 个获取的子表达式，则 n 为向后引用。否则，如果 n 为八进制数字 (0-7)，则 n 为一个八进制转义值。 |
| \nm | 标识一个八进制转义值或一个向后引用。如果 \nm 之前至少有 nm 个获得子表达式，则 nm 为向后引用。如果 \nm 之前至少有 n 个获取，则 n 为一个后跟文字 m 的向后引用。如果前面的条件都不满足，若 n 和 m 均为八进制数字 (0-7)，则 \nm 将匹配八进制转义值 nm。 |
| \nml | 如果 n 为八进制数字 (0-3)，且 m 和 l 均为八进制数字 (0-7)，则匹配八进制转义值 nml。 |
| \un | 匹配 n，其中 n 是一个用四个十六进制数字表示的 Unicode 字符。例如， \u00A9 匹配版权符号 (?)。 |
| 正则表达式 | 说明 |
| /\b([a-z]+) \1\b/gi | 一个单词连续出现的位置 |
| /(\w+):\/\/([^/:]+)(:\d*)?([^# ]*)/ | 将一个URL解析为协议、域、端口及相对路径 |
| /^(?:Chapter|Section) [1-9][0-9]{0,1}$/ | 定位章节的位置 |
| /[-a-z]/ | A至z共26个字母再加一个-号。 |
| /ter\b/ | 可匹配chapter，而不能terminal |
| /\Bapt/ | 可匹配chapter，而不能aptitude |
| /Windows(?=95 |98 |NT )/ | 可匹配Windows95或Windows98或WindowsNT,当找到一个匹配后，从Windows后面开始进行下一次的检索匹配。 |
7.1 基本模式匹配
一切从最基本的开始。模式，是正规表达式最基本的元素，它们是一组描述字符串特征的字符。模式可以很简单，由普通的字符串组成，也可以非常复杂，往往用特殊的字符表示一个范围内的字符、重复出现，或表示上下文。例如：
^once
这个模式包含一个特殊的字符^，表示该模式只匹配那些以once开头的字符串。例如该模式与字符串"once upon a time"匹配，与"There once was a man from NewYork"不匹配。正如如^符号表示开头一样，$符号用来匹配那些以给定模式结尾的字符串。
bucket$
这个模式与"Who kept all of this cash in a bucket"匹配，与"buckets"不匹配。字符^和$同时使用时，表示精确匹配（字符串与模式一样）。例如：
^bucket$
只匹配字符串"bucket"。如果一个模式不包括^和$，那么它与任何包含该模式的字符串匹配。例如：模式
once
与字符串
There once was a man from NewYork
Who kept all of his cash in a bucket.
是匹配的。
在该模式中的字母(o-n-c-e)是字面的字符，也就是说，他们表示该字母本身，数字也是一样的。其他一些稍微复杂的字符，如标点符号和白字符（空格、制表符等），要用到转义序列。所有的转义序列都用反斜杠(\)打头。制表符的转义序列是：\t。所以如果我们要检测一个字符串是否以制表符开头，可以用这个模式：
^\t
类似的，用\n表示"新行"，\r表示回车。其他的特殊符号，可以用在前面加上反斜杠，如反斜杠本身用\\表示，句号.用\.表示，以此类推。
7.2 字符簇
在INTERNET的程序中，正规表达式通常用来验证用户的输入。当用户提交一个FORM以后，要判断输入的电话号码、地址、EMAIL地址、信用卡号码等是否有效，用普通的基于字面的字符是不够的。
所以要用一种更自由的描述我们要的模式的办法，它就是字符簇。要建立一个表示所有元音字符的字符簇，就把所有的元音字符放在一个方括号里：
[AaEeIiOoUu]
这个模式与任何元音字符匹配，但只能表示一个字符。用连字号可以表示一个字符的范围，如：
[a-z] //匹配所有的小写字母
[A-Z] //匹配所有的大写字母
[a-zA-Z] //匹配所有的字母
[0-9] //匹配所有的数字
[0-9\.\-] //匹配所有的数字，句号和减号
[ \f\r\t\n] //匹配所有的白字符
同样的，这些也只表示一个字符，这是一个非常重要的。如果要匹配一个由一个小写字母和一位数字组成的字符串，比如"z2"、"t6"或"g7"，但不是"ab2"、"r2d3" 或"b52"的话，用这个模式：
^[a-z][0-9]$
尽管[a-z]代表26个字母的范围，但在这里它只能与第一个字符是小写字母的字符串匹配。
前面曾经提到^表示字符串的开头，但它还有另外一个含义。当在一组方括号里使用^是，它表示"非"或"排除"的意思，常常用来剔除某个字符。还用前面的例子，我们要求第一个字符不能是数字：
^[^0-9][0-9]$
这个模式与"&5"、"g7"及"-2"是匹配的，但与"12"、"66"是不匹配的。下面是几个排除特定字符的例子：
[^a-z] //除了小写字母以外的所有字符
[^\\\/\^] //除了(\)(/)(^)之外的所有字符
[^\"\'] //除了双引号(")和单引号(')之外的所有字符
特殊字符"." (点，句号)在正规表达式中用来表示除了"新行"之外的所有字符。所以模式"^.5$"与任何两个字符的、以数字5结尾和以其他非"新行"字符开头的字符串匹配。模式"."可以匹配任何字符串，除了空串和只包括一个"新行"的字符串。
PHP的正规表达式有一些内置的通用字符簇，列表如下：
字符簇 含义
[[:alpha:]] 任何字母
[[:digit:]] 任何数字
[[:alnum:]] 任何字母和数字
[[:space:]] 任何白字符
[[:upper:]] 任何大写字母
[[:lower:]] 任何小写字母
[[:punct:]] 任何标点符号
[[:xdigit:]] 任何16进制的数字，相当于[0-9a-fA-F]
7.3 确定重复出现
到现在为止，你已经知道如何去匹配一个字母或数字，但更多的情况下，可能要匹配一个单词或一组数字。一个单词有若干个字母组成，一组数字有若干个单数组成。跟在字符或字符簇后面的花括号({})用来确定前面的内容的重复出现的次数。
字符簇 含义
^[a-zA-Z_]$ 所有的字母和下划线
^[[:alpha:]]{3}$ 所有的3个字母的单词
^a$ 字母a
^a{4}$ aaaa
^a{2,4}$ aa,aaa或aaaa
^a{1,3}$ a,aa或aaa
^a{2,}$ 包含多于两个a的字符串
^a{2,} 如：aardvark和aaab，但apple不行
a{2,} 如：baad和aaa，但Nantucket不行
\t{2} 两个制表符
.{2} 所有的两个字符
这些例子描述了花括号的三种不同的用法。一个数字，{x}的意思是"前面的字符或字符簇只出现x次"；一个数字加逗号，{x,}的意思是"前面的内容出现x或更多的次数"；两个用逗号分隔的数字，{x,y}表示"前面的内容至少出现x次，但不超过y次"。我们可以把模式扩展到更多的单词或数字：
^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{1,}$ //所有包含一个以上的字母、数字或下划线的字符串
^[0-9]{1,}$ //所有的正数
^\-{0,1}[0-9]{1,}$ //所有的整数
^\-{0,1}[0-9]{0,}\.{0,1}[0-9]{0,}$ //所有的小数
最后一个例子不太好理解，是吗？这么看吧：与所有以一个可选的负号(\-{0,1})开头(^)、跟着0个或更多的数字([0-9]{0,})、和一个可选的小数点(\.{0,1})再跟上0个或多个数字([0-9]{0,})，并且没有其他任何东西($)。下面你将知道能够使用的更为简单的方法。
特殊字符"?"与{0,1}是相等的，它们都代表着："0个或1个前面的内容"或"前面的内容是可选的"。所以刚才的例子可以简化为：
^\-?[0-9]{0,}\.?[0-9]{0,}$
特殊字符"*"与{0,}是相等的，它们都代表着"0个或多个前面的内容"。最后，字符"+"与 {1,}是相等的，表示"1个或多个前面的内容"，所以上面的4个例子可以写成：
^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$ //所有包含一个以上的字母、数字或下划线的字符串
^[0-9]+$ //所有的正数
^\-?[0-9]+$ //所有的整数
^\-?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]*$ //所有的小数
当然这并不能从技术上降低正规表达式的复杂性，但可以使它们更容易阅读。
参考文献：
JScript 和 VBScript 正则表达式
微软MSDN上的例子(英文)：
最后更新：2005年01月17日 19:54
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引用地址：<a href="http://oo8h.51.net/docs/regular_expression.htm">正则表达式(regular expression)</a>
